IndicatorName: Withdrew money from a financial institution account 2 or more times a month (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report withdrawing money from their account two or more times per month.


Aggregationmethod: Weighted average

Dataset: Global Findex

Generalcomments: 2021 variables

IndicatorName: Withdrew money from a financial institution account 2 or more times a month (% who had withdrawn money, age 15+)

License_Type: CC BY-4.0

Longdefinition: Among respondents who withdrew money, the percentage who report doing so two or more times per month.

Periodicity: Triennial

Referenceperiod: 2021 variable

Source: Global Findex database

Topic: Assets

Unitofmeasure: Percent


IndicatorName: Can use account at a bank or financial institution without help if opened (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among the share of respondents without an account, the percentage of respondents who report they can use an account at a bank or a financial institution without help, if opened.

Topic: Technology


IndicatorName: No account because financial institutions are too far away (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that they don't have a financial institution account because financial institutions are too far away.


IndicatorName: No account because financial institutions are too far away (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report that they don't have a financial institution account because financial institutions are too far away.


IndicatorName: No account because financial services are too expensive (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account because financial services are too expensive.


IndicatorName: No account because financial services are too expensive (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account because financial services are too expensive.


IndicatorName: No account because of a lack of necessary documentation (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account because they lack the documentation needed to open one, such as an identity card, a wage slip, or the like.


IndicatorName: No account because of a lack of necessary documentation (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account because they lack the documentation needed to open one, such as an identity card, a wage slip, or the like.


IndicatorName: No account because of a lack of trust in financial institutions (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account because they do not trust financial institutions.


IndicatorName: No account because of a lack of trust in financial institutions (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account because they do not trust financial institutions.


IndicatorName: No account because of religious reasons (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account for religious reasons.


IndicatorName: No account because of religious reasons (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account for religious reasons.


IndicatorName: No account because of insufficient funds (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account because they do not have enough money to use one.


IndicatorName: No account because of insufficient funds (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account because they do not have enough money to use one.


IndicatorName: No account because someone in the family has one (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a financial institution account because someone else in their family already has one.


IndicatorName: No account because someone in the family has one (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents reporting having no account, the percentage who report not having a financial institution account because someone else in their family already has one.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: mobile money agents are too far away (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a mobile money account because mobile money agents are too far away.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: mobile money agents are too far away (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a mobile money account because mobile money agents are too far away.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: available mobile money products are too expensive (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that they don't have a mobile money account because mobile money products are too expensive.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: available mobile money products are too expensive (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report that they don't have a mobile money account because mobile money products are too expensive.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: don't have the necessary documentation (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a mobile money account because they don't have the necessary documentation.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: don't have the necessary documentation (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a mobile money account because they don't have the necessary documentation.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: don't have enough money to use a mobile money account (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a mobile money account because they do not have enough money to use one.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: don't have enough money to use a mobile money account (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a mobile money account because they do not have enough money to use one.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: use an agent or someone else to make payments (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a mobile money account because they use an agent or someone else to make payments.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: use an agent or someone else to make payments (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no mobile money account, the percentage who give the reason that they use an agent or someone else to make payments.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: do not have their own mobile phone (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report not having a mobile money account because they do not have their own mobile phone.


IndicatorName: Reason for not having a mobile money account: do not have their own mobile phone (% without an account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having no account, the percentage who report not having a mobile money account because they do not have their own mobile phone.


IndicatorName: Use a mobile money account two or more times a month (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile money account to make payments, buy things, or to send or receive money two or more times a month.


IndicatorName: Use a mobile money account two or more times a month (% with a mobile money account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents with a mobile money account, the percentage who report using it to make payments, buy things, or to send or receive money two or more times a month.


IndicatorName: Can use a mobile money account without help from anyone, including a mobile money agent (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that they can use a mobile money account without the help of another person or a mobile money agent.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that they can use a mobile money account without help.


IndicatorName: Can use a mobile money account without help from anyone, including a mobile money agent (% with a mobile money account, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report having a mobile money account, the percentage who can use it without help.


IndicatorName: Made a digital in-store merchant payment: using a mobile phone (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to make an in-store purchase.


IndicatorName: Made a digital in-store merchant payment: using a mobile phone, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to make an in-store purchase, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a digital in-store merchant payment: using a mobile phone, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to make an in-store purchase, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a digital in-store merchant payment for the first time after COVID-19 started (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that after COVID-19 started, they used for the first time a debit or credit card or a mobile phone to make a purchase in-store.


IndicatorName: Made a digital in-store merchant payment for the first time after COVID-19 started (% who made a digital in-store payment, age 15+)

Longdefinition: Among respondents who report using a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone, to make a purchase in-store, the percentage who report doing so for the first time after COVID-19 started.


Generalcomments: Time series variables

IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to pay bills in the past year.


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to pay bills in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to pay bills in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to send money (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to send money to a relative or friend in the past year.


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to send money, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to send money to a relative or friend in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to send money, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to send money to a relative or friend in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to buy something online (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to buy something online in the past year.


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to buy something online, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to buy something online in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to buy something online, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone or the Internet to buy something online in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a digital online payment for an online purchase for the first time after COVID-19 started (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that they used the internet to buy something online for the first time after COVID-19 started.


Generalcomments: 2017 variables

IndicatorName: Saved to start, operate, or expand a farm or business (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year to start, operate, or expand a farm or business.

Topic: Entrepreneurship


IndicatorName: Saved to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved for old age (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for old age.


IndicatorName: Saved for old age, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for old age, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved for old age, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for old age, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution or using a mobile money account (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution or using a mobile money account to save in the past year.


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution or using a mobile money account, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution or using a mobile money account to save in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution or using a mobile money account, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution or using a mobile money account to save in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution in the past year.


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved at a financial institution, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money at a bank or another type of financial institution in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved money using a mobile money account (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving money using a mobile money account.


IndicatorName: Saved money using a mobile money account, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving money using a mobile money account, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved money using a mobile money account, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving money using a mobile money account, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved using a savings club or a person outside the family (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year by using an informal savings club or a person outside the family.


IndicatorName: Saved using a savings club or a person outside the family, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year by using an informal savings club or a person outside the family, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved using a savings club or a person outside the family, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year by using an informal savings club or a person outside the family, male (% age 15+)


Generalcomments: 2014 variables

IndicatorName: Saved for education or school fees (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for education or school fees.


IndicatorName: Saved for education or school fees, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for education or school fees, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Saved for education or school fees, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past year for education or school fees, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a debit or credit card (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit or credit card.


IndicatorName: Owns a debit or credit card, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit or credit card, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a debit or credit card, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit or credit card, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a debit card (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit card.


IndicatorName: Owns a debit card, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit card, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a debit card, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a debit card, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed for health or medical purposes (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for health or medical purposes in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed for health or medical purposes, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for health or medical purposes in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed for health or medical purposes, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for health or medical purposes in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed to start, operate, or expand a farm or business (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money to start, operate, or expand a farm or business in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money to start, operate, or expand a farm or business in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed to start, operate, or expand a farm or business, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money to start, operate, or expand a farm or business in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a store by buying on credit (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a store by using installment credit or buying on credit in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a store by buying on credit, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a store by using installment credit or buying on credit in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a store by buying on credit, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a store by using installment credit or buying on credit in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed for education or school fees (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for education or school fees in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed for education or school fees, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for education or school fees in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed for education or school fees, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money for education or school fees in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed any money from a formal financial institution or using a mobile money account (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution, or using a credit card, or using a mobile money account in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed any money from a formal financial institution or using a mobile money account, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution, or using a credit card, or using a mobile money account in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed any money from a formal financial institution or using a mobile money account, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution, or using a credit card, or using a mobile money account in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a formal financial institution (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution or using a credit card in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a formal financial institution, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution or using a credit card in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a formal financial institution, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank or another type of financial institution or using a credit card in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from family or friends (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from family, relatives, or friends in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed from family or friends, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from family, relatives, or friends in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from family or friends, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from family, relatives, or friends in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a savings club (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from an informal savings club in the past year.


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a savings club, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from an informal savings club in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Borrowed from a savings club, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from an informal savings club in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and very difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and very difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and very difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and somewhat difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and somewhat difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and somewhat difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult at all (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the funds in 30 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult at all, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the funds in 30 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult at all, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the funds in 30 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with the funds in 30 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with the funds in 30 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult to come up with the funds in 30 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: possible, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: not possible (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who, when asked, say it is not possible--and say no to "very difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not difficult at all"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days. This also includes the share of adults who say do not know or refused.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is not possible for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days. This include people who say do not know or refused.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: not possible, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who, when asked, say it is not possible--and say no to "very difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not difficult at all"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days. This also includes the share of adults who say do not know or refused, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is not possible for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days. This include people who say do not know or refused, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 30 days: not possible, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who, when asked, say it is not possible--and say no to "very difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not difficult at all"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 30 days. This also includes the share of adults who say do not know or refused, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is not possible for them to come up with the emergency funds in 30 days. This include people who say do not know or refused, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and very difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and very difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and very difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and very difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and somewhat difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and somewhat difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and somewhat difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible and not difficult or somewhat difficult, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in 7 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible and not difficult at all or somewhat difficult for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in the next 7 days.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days.


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in the next 7 days, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Coming up with emergency funds in 7 days: possible, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--to come up with 1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency units in the next 7 days, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who say it is possible--whether "difficult," "somewhat difficult," or "not very difficult"--for them to come up with the emergency funds in 7 days, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Sent or received domestic remittances (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending or receiving any of their money in the past year to or from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country.


IndicatorName: Sent or received domestic remittances, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending or receiving any of their money in the past year to or from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Sent or received domestic remittances, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending or receiving any of their money in the past year to or from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Sent domestic remittances (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending any of their money in the past year to a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This can be money they hand-delivered personally or sent in some other way.


IndicatorName: Sent domestic remittances, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending any of their money in the past year to a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This can be money they hand-delivered personally or sent in some other way, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Sent domestic remittances, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally sending any of their money in the past year to a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This can be money they hand-delivered personally or sent in some other way, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received domestic remittances (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any money in the past year from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This includes any money received in-person.


IndicatorName: Received domestic remittances, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any money in the past year from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This includes any money received in-person, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received domestic remittances, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any money in the past year from a relative or friend living in a different area of their country. This includes any money received in-person, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a utility payment (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for water, electricity, or trash collection in the past year.


IndicatorName: Made a utility payment, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for water, electricity, or trash collection in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a utility payment, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for water, electricity, or trash collection in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a utility payment: using an account for the first time after COVID-19 started (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for water, electricity, or trash collection and did so using a financial institution account, a mobile phone, or a debit or credit card for the first time after COVID-19 started.


IndicatorName: Paid school fees (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for school fees in the past year.


IndicatorName: Paid school fees, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for school fees in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Paid school fees, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally making regular payments for school fees in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government transfer or pension (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer or pension from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes payments for a pension from the government, military, or public sector.


IndicatorName: Received government transfer or pension, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer or pension from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes payments for a pension from the government, military, or public sector, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government transfer or pension, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer or pension from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes payments for a pension from the government, military, or public sector, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government transfer (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It does not include a pension from the government, military, or public sector; wages; or any other payments related to work.


IndicatorName: Received government transfer, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It does not include a pension from the government, military, or public sector; wages; or any other payments related to work, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government transfer, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any transfer from the government in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It does not include a pension from the government, military, or public sector; wages; or any other payments related to work, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received a public sector pension (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving a pension from the government, military, or public sector in the past year.


IndicatorName: Received a public sector pension, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving a pension from the government, military, or public sector in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received a public sector pension, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving a pension from the government, military, or public sector in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received payments for the sale of agricultural products, livestock, or crops (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving payments from any source for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in the past year.


IndicatorName: Received payments for the sale of agricultural products, livestock, or crops, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving payments from any source for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received payments for the sale of agricultural products, livestock, or crops, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving payments from any source for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: very worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money for old age.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: very worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money for old age, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: very worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money for old age, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: somewhat worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money for old age.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: somewhat worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money for old age, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: somewhat worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money for old age, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: not worried at all (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money for old age.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: not worried at all, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money for old age, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for old age: not worried at all, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money for old age, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: very worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident.


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: very worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: very worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: somewhat worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident.


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: somewhat worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: somewhat worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: not worried at all, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident: not worried at all, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not being able to pay for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: very worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: very worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: very worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: somewhat worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried at the present time about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills.

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: somewhat worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried at the present time about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: somewhat worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried at the present time about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)

Shortdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: not worried at all (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills.


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: not worried at all, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not having enough money for monthly expenses or bills: not worried at all, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not having enough money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: very worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education.


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: very worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: very worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: somewhat worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education.


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: somewhat worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: somewhat worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: not worried at all (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education.


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: not worried at all, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Worried about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education: not worried at all, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all about not being able to pay school fees or fees for education, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: very worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19.


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: very worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: very worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are very worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: somewhat worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19.


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: somewhat worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: somewhat worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are somewhat worried that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: not worried (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19.


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: not worried, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19: not worried, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who are not worried at all that they will experience or continue to experience severe financial hardship as a result of the disruption caused by COVID-19, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money for old age (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial worry is that they won't have enough money for old age.


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money for old age, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial worry is that they won't have enough money for old age, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money for old age, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial worry is that they won't have enough money for old age, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident.


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying for medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for medical costs in the case of a serious illness or accident, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money to pay for monthly expenses or bills (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for monthly expenses or bills.


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for monthly expenses or bills, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: money to pay for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money for monthly expenses or bills, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying school or education fees (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money to pay school fees.


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying school or education fees, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money to pay school fees, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Most worrying financial issue: paying school or education fees, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents whose primary financial issue is that they won't have enough money to pay school fees, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to access an account(% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that in the past year, they used a mobile phone or the Internet to make a payment, make a purchase, or to send or receive money through their account.


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to access an account, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that in the past year, they used a mobile phone or the Internet to make a payment, make a purchase, or to send or receive money through their account, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Used a mobile phone or the internet to access an account, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report that in the past year, they used a mobile phone or the Internet to make a payment, make a purchase, or to send or receive money through their account, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a credit card (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a credit card.


IndicatorName: Owns a credit card, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a credit card, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Owns a credit card, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report having a credit card, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Has an inactive account (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report neither a deposit into nor a withdrawal from their account in the past year. This also includes making or receiving any kind of digital payment.


IndicatorName: Has an inactive account, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report neither a deposit into nor a withdrawal from their account in the past year. This also includes making or receiving any kind of digital payment, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Has an inactive account, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report neither a deposit into nor a withdrawal from their account in the past year. This also includes making or receiving any kind of digital payment, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government payments (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any payment from the government (government transfers, public sector pension, or public sector wages) in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes pension payments from the government, military, or public sector as well as wages from employment in the government, military, or public sector.


IndicatorName: Received government payments, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any payment from the government (government transfers, public sector pension, or public sector wages) in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes pension payments from the government, military, or public sector as well as wages from employment in the government, military, or public sector, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received government payments, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report personally receiving any payment from the government (government transfers, public sector pension, or public sector wages) in the past year. This includes payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of social benefits. It also includes pension payments from the government, military, or public sector as well as wages from employment in the government, military, or public sector, male (% age 15+)


Aggregationmethod: Median

IndicatorName: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)

Longdefinition: Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

Periodicity: Annual

Source: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.

Topic: Economic and Social Context


IndicatorName: Made a digital payment (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account; or who report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills or sending remittances directly from a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year.


IndicatorName: Made a digital payment, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account; or who report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills or sending remittances directly from a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made a digital payment, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account; or who report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills or sending remittances directly from a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received digital payments (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile money account, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to receive a payment into an account in the past year. This includes respondents who report receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly into a financial institution account or into a mobile money account in the past year.


IndicatorName: Received digital payments, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile money account, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to receive a payment into an account in the past year. This includes respondents who report receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly into a financial institution account or into a mobile money account in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Received digital payments, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile money account, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to receive a payment into an account in the past year. This includes respondents who report receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly into a financial institution account or into a mobile money account in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made or received a digital payment (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account--or report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store--in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills, sending or receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly from or into a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year.


IndicatorName: Made or received a digital payment, female (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account--or report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store--in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills, sending or receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly from or into a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year, female (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Made or received a digital payment, male (% age 15+)

Longdefinition: The percentage of respondents who report using mobile money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment from an account--or report using the internet to pay bills or to buy something online or in a store--in the past year. This includes respondents who report paying bills, sending or receiving remittances, receiving payments for agricultural products, receiving government transfers, receiving wages, or receiving a public sector pension directly from or into a financial institution account or through a mobile money account in the past year, male (% age 15+)


IndicatorName: Survival Rate from Age 15-60

Longdefinition: Adult survival rate is calculated by subtracting the mortality rate for 15-60 year-olds from 1. Most recent estimates are used.  Year of most recent estimate shown in data notes.

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, supplemented with data provided by World Bank Staff.

Topic: Health


IndicatorName: Survival Rate from Age 15-60, Female


IndicatorName: Survival Rate from Age 15-60, Male


IndicatorName: Expected Years of School

Longdefinition: Expected years of school is calculated as the sum of age-specific enrollment rates between ages 4 and 17. Age-specific enrollment rates are approximated using school enrollment rates at different levels: pre-primary enrollment rates approximate the age-specific enrolment rates for 4 and 5 year-olds; the primary rate approximates for 6-11 year-olds; the lower-secondary rate approximates for 12-14 year-olds; and the upper-secondary approximates for 15-17 year-olds. Most recent estimates are used.  Year of most recent primary enrollment rate used is shown  in data notes.

Source: World Bank staff estimates based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, supplemented with data provided by World Bank staff.

Topic: Education


IndicatorName: Expected Years of School, Female


IndicatorName: Expected Years of School, Male


IndicatorName: Harmonized Test Scores

Longdefinition:
Harmonized test scores from major international student achievement testing programs.They are measured in TIMSS-equivalent units, where 300 is minimal attainment and 625 is advanced attainment. Most recent estimates are used.  Year of most recent estimate shown in data notes.

Test scores from the following testing programs are included:
• TIMSS/PIRLS:  Refers to average of test scores from TIMSS (Trends in International Maths and Science Study) and PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), both carried out by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Data from each PIRLS round is moved to the year of the nearest TIMSS round and averaged with the TIMSS data.
• PISA:  Refers to test scores from Programme for International Student Assessment
• PISA+TIMSS/PIRLS:  Refers to the average of these programs for countries and years where both are available
• SACMEQ:  Refers to test scores from Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality
• PASEC: Refers to test scores from Program of Analysis of Education Systems
• LLECE:  Refers to test scores from Latin American Laboratory for Assessment of the Quality of Education
• PILNA: Refers to test scores from Pacific Islands Literacy and Numeracy Assessment
• EGRA:  Refers to test scores from nationally-representative Early Grade Reading Assessments
• EGRANR:  Refers to test scores from non-nationally-representative Early Grade Reading Assessments

Source: Patrinos and Angrist (2018).  http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/390321538076747773/Global-Dataset-on-Education-Quality-A-Review-and-Update-2000-2017


IndicatorName: Harmonized Test Scores, Female


IndicatorName: Harmonized Test Scores, Male


IndicatorName: Learning-Adjusted Years of School

Longdefinition: Learning-adjusted years of school are calculated by multiplying the estimates of expected years of school by the ratio of most recent harmonized test scores to 625.

Source: World Bank staff calculation based on methodology in Filmer et al. (2018).  http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/243261538075151093/Learning-Adjusted-Years-of-Schooling-LAYS-Defining-A-New-Macro-Measure-of-Education


IndicatorName: Learning-Adjusted Years of School, Female


IndicatorName: Learning-Adjusted Years of School, Male


IndicatorName: Probability of Survival to Age 5

Longdefinition: Probability of survival to age 5 is calculated by subtracting the under-5 mortality rate from 1. Most recent estimates are used.  Year of most recent estimate shown in data notes.

Source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), supplemented with data provided by World Bank staff.


IndicatorName: Probability of Survival to Age 5, Female

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.


IndicatorName: Probability of Survival to Age 5, Male


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI) (scale 0-1)

Longdefinition: The HCI calculates the contributions of health and education to worker productivity. The final index score ranges from zero to one and measures the productivity as a future worker of child born today relative to the benchmark of full health and complete education.

Relatedindicators: Please visit the Human Capital Index (HCI) database (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/human-capital-index) for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender.

Source: World Bank staff calculations based on the methodology described in World Bank (2018). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30498


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), female (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), lower bound (scale 0-1)

Longdefinition: The HCI lower bound reflects uncertainty in the measurement of the components and the overall index. It is obtained by recalculating the HCI using estimates of the lower bounds of each of the components of the HCI. The range between the upper and lower bound is the uncertainty interval. While the uncertainty intervals constructed here do not have a rigorous statistical interpretation, a rule of thumb is that if for two countries they overlap substantially, the differences between their HCI values are not likely to be practically meaningful.


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), female, lower bound (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), male, lower bound (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), male (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), upper bound (scale 0-1)

Longdefinition: The HCI upper bound reflects uncertainty in the measurement of the components and the overall index. It is obtained by recalculating the HCI using estimates of the upper bounds of each of the components of the HCI. The range between the upper and lower bound is the uncertainty interval. While the uncertainty intervals constructed here do not have a rigorous statistical interpretation, a rule of thumb is that if for two countries they overlap substantially, the differences between their HCI values are not likely to be practically meaningful.


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), female, upper bound (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Human capital index (HCI), male, upper bound (scale 0-1)


IndicatorName: Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted

Longdefinition: Percentage not stunted is calculated by subtracting stunting rates from 1. Most recent estimates are used.  Year of most recent estimate shown in data notes.

Source: UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Malnutrition Estimates, supplemented with data provided by World Bank staff.


IndicatorName: Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted, Female


IndicatorName: Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted, Male


Aggregationmethod: Unweighted average

Developmentrelevance:
Firms evaluating investment options, governments interested in improving business conditions, and economists seeking to explain economic performance have all grappled with defining and measuring the business environment. The firm-level data from Enterprise Surveys provide a useful tool for benchmarking economies across a large number of indicators measured at the firm level.

Firms with female top manager measures women's integration as decision makers. Benchmarking firms with female top manager is important to achieving gender equality promotion and empowerment of women. The gender topic provides information about women's entrepreneurship and economic participation in the labor force.

Generalcomments: Relevance to gender indicator: Women are vastly underrepresented in decision making positions at the top level in the private sector and this indicator monitors progress that has been made.

IndicatorName: Firms with female top manager (% of firms)

Limitationsandexceptions:
The sampling methodology for Enterprise Surveys is stratified random sampling. In a simple random sample, all members of the population have the same probability of being selected and no weighting of the observations is necessary. In a stratified random sample, all population units are grouped within homogeneous groups and simple random samples are selected within each group. This method allows computing estimates for each of the strata with a specified level of precision while population estimates can also be estimated by properly weighting individual observations. The sampling weights take care of the varying probabilities of selection across different strata. Under certain conditions, estimates' precision under stratified random sampling will be higher than under simple random sampling (lower standard errors may result from the estimation procedure).

The strata for Enterprise Surveys are firm size, business sector, and geographic region within a country. Firm size levels are 5-19 (small), 20-99 (medium), and 100+ employees (large-sized firms). Since in most economies, the majority of firms are small and medium-sized, Enterprise Surveys oversample large firms since larger firms tend to be engines of job creation. Sector breakdown is usually manufacturing, retail, and other services. For larger economies, specific manufacturing sub-sectors are selected as additional strata on the basis of employment, value-added, and total number of establishments figures. Geographic regions within a country are selected based on which cities/regions collectively contain the majority of economic activity.

Ideally the survey sample frame is derived from the universe of eligible firms obtained from the country’s statistical office. Sometimes the master list of firms is obtained from other government agencies such as tax or business licensing authorities. In some cases, the list of firms is obtained from business associations or marketing databases. In a few cases, the sample frame is created via block enumeration, where the World Bank “manually” constructs a list of eligible firms after 1) partitioning a country’s cities of major economic activity into clusters and blocks, 2) randomly selecting a subset of blocks which will then be enumerated. In surveys conducted since 2005-06, survey documentation which explains the source of the sample frame and any special circumstances encountered during survey fieldwork are included with the collected datasets.

Obtaining panel data, i.e. interviews with the same firms across multiple years, is a priority in current Enterprise Surveys. When conducting a new Enterprise Survey in a country where data was previously collected, maximal effort is expended to re-interview as many firms (from the prior survey) as possible. For these panel firms, sampling weights can be adjusted to take into account the resulting altered probabilities of inclusion in the sample frame.

Longdefinition: Firms with female top manager refers to the percentage of firms in the private sector who have females as top managers. Top manager refers to the highest ranking manager or CEO of the establishment. This person may be the owner if he/she works as the manager of the firm. The results are based on surveys of more than 100,000 private firms.

Notesfromoriginalsource: All surveys were administered using the Enterprise Surveys methodology as outlined in the Methodology page which can be found from www.enterprisesurveys.org.

Source: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Firm-level surveys have been conducted since the 1990's by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. Surveys implemented by the Enterprise Analysis Unit follow the Global Methodology.

Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and bribery-related topics, private contractors, rather than any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.

Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.

The Enterprise Survey is answered by business owners and top managers. Sometimes the survey respondent calls company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey. Typically 1200-1800 interviews are conducted in larger economies, 360 interviews are conducted in medium-sized economies, and for smaller economies, 150 interviews take place.

The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with ISIC codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies with 5 or more employees are targeted for interview. Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey. Occasionally, for a few surveyed countries, other sectors are included in the companies surveyed such as education or health-related businesses. In each country, businesses in the cities/regions of major economic activity are interviewed.

In some countries, other surveys, which depart from the usual Enterprise Survey methodology, are conducted. Examples include 1) Informal Surveys- surveys of informal (unregistered) enterprises, 2) Micro Surveys- surveys fielded to registered firms with less than five employees, and 3) Financial Crisis Assessment Surveys- short surveys administered by telephone to assess the effects of the global financial crisis of 2008-09.

The Enterprise Surveys Unit uses two instruments: the Manufacturing Questionnaire and the Services Questionnaire. Although many questions overlap, some are only applicable to one type of business. For example, retail firms are not asked about production and nonproduction workers.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures.

Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Topic: Leadership


Developmentrelevance:
Firms evaluating investment options, governments interested in improving business conditions, and economists seeking to explain economic performance have all grappled with defining and measuring the business environment. The firm-level data from Enterprise Surveys provide a useful tool for benchmarking economies across a large number of indicators measured at the firm level.

Female participation in firm ownership and in management measures women's integration as decision makers. Benchmarking female participation in firm ownership, management, and the workforce is important to achieving gender equality promotion and empowerment of women. The gender topic provides information about women's entrepreneurship and economic participation in the labor force.

IndicatorName: Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms)

Longdefinition: Firms with female participation in ownership are the percentage of firms with a woman among the principal owners.


Developmentrelevance:
The economic health of a country is measured not only in macroeconomic terms but also by other factors that shape daily economic activity such as laws, regulations, and institutional arrangements. The data measure business regulation, gauge regulatory outcomes, and measure the extent of legal protection of property, the flexibility of employment regulation, and the tax burden on businesses.

The fundamental premise of this data is that economic activity requires good rules and regulations that are efficient, accessible to all who need to use them, and simple to implement. Thus sometimes there is more emphasis on more regulation, such as stricter disclosure requirements in related-party transactions, and other times emphasis is on for simplified regulations, such as a one-stop shop for completing business startup formalities.

Entrepreneurs may not be aware of all required procedures or may avoid legally required procedures altogether. But where regulation is particularly onerous, levels of informality are higher, which comes at a cost: firms in the informal sector usually grow more slowly, have less access to credit, and employ fewer workers - and those workers remain outside the protections of labor law. The indicator can help policymakers understand the business environment in a country and - along with information from other sources such as the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys - provide insights into potential areas of reform.

Generalcomments: Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

IndicatorName: Cost of business start-up procedures, female (% of GNI per capita)

Limitationsandexceptions: The Doing Business methodology has limitations that should be considered when interpreting the data. First, the data collected refer to businesses in the economy's largest city and may not represent regulations in other locations of the economy. To address this limitation, subnational indicators are being collected for selected economies. These subnational studies point to significant differences in the speed of reform and the ease of doing business across cities in the same economy. Second, the data often focus on a specific business form - generally a limited liability company of a specified size - and may not represent regulation for other types of businesses such as sole proprietorships. Third, transactions described in a standardized business case refer to a specific set of issues and may not represent the full set of issues a business encounters. Fourth, the time measures involve an element of judgment by the expert respondents. When sources indicate different estimates, the Doing Business time indicators represent the median values of several responses given under the assumptions of the standardized case. Fifth, the methodology assumes that a business has full information on what is required and does not waste time when completing procedures. Please also see: https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/about-us/faq

Longdefinition: Cost to register a business is normalized by presenting it as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Source: World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Data are collected by the World Bank with a standardized survey that uses a simple business case to ensure comparability across economies and over time - with assumptions about the legal form of the business, its size, its location, and nature of its operation. Surveys are administered through more than 9,000 local experts, including lawyers, business consultants, accountants, freight forwarders, government officials, and other professionals who routinely administer or advise on legal and regulatory requirements.

Entrepreneurs around the world face a range of challenges. One of them is inefficient regulation. This indicator measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-size limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, Doing Business uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has a start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income per capita, engages in general industrial or commercial activities and employs between 10 and 50 people one month after the commencement of operations, all of whom are domestic nationals.  The starting a business indicators consider two cases of local limited liability companies that are identical in all aspects, except that one company is owned by five married women and the other by five married men.

The Doing Business project of the World Bank encompasses two types of data: data from readings of laws and regulations and data on time and motion indicators that measure efficiency in achieving a regulatory goal. Within the time and motion indicators cost estimates are recorded from official fee schedules where applicable. The data from surveys are subjected to numerous tests for robustness, which lead to revision or expansion of the information collected.


IndicatorName: Cost of business start-up procedures, male (% of GNI per capita)

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Data are collected by the World Bank with a standardized survey that uses a simple business case to ensure comparability across economies and over time - with assumptions about the legal form of the business, its size, its location, and nature of its operation. Surveys are administered through more than 9,000 local experts, including lawyers, business consultants, accountants, freight forwarders, government officials, and other professionals who routinely administer or advise on legal and regulatory requirements.

Entrepreneurs around the world face a range of challenges. One of them is inefficient regulation. This indicator measures the paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-size limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city.  To make the data comparable across 190 economies, Doing Business uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has a start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income per capita, engages in general industrial or commercial activities and employs between 10 and 50 people one month after the commencement of operations, all of whom are domestic nationals.  The starting a business indicators consider two cases of local limited liability companies that are identical in all aspects, except that one company is owned by five married women and the other by five married men.

The Doing Business project of the World Bank encompasses two types of data: data from readings of laws and regulations and data on time and motion indicators that measure efficiency in achieving a regulatory goal. Within the time and motion indicators cost estimates are recorded from official fee schedules where applicable. The data from surveys are subjected to numerous tests for robustness, which lead to revision or expansion of the information collected.