IndicatorName: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Longdefinition: Population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (also referred to as prevalence of undernourishment) shows the percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. Data showing as 2.5 signifies a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization (http://www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/index_en.htm).


Aggregationmethod: Weighted average

IndicatorName: Depth of hunger (kilocalories per person per day)

Longdefinition: Depth of hunger or the intensity of food deprivation, indicates how much food-deprived people fall short of minimum food needs in terms of dietary energy. The food deficit, in kilocalories per person per day, is measured by comparing the average amount of dietary energy that undernourished people get from the foods they eat with the minimum amount of dietary energy they need to maintain body weight and undertake light activity. The depth of hunger is low when it is less than 200 kilocalories per person per day, and high when it is higher than 300 kilocalories per person per day.

Periodicity: Annual

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, Food Security Statistics (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/food-security-statistics/en/).

Topic: Health: Nutrition


IndicatorName: Consumption of iodized salt (% of households)

Longdefinition: Consumption of iodized salt refers to the percentage of households that use edible salt fortified with iodine.

Source: United Nations Children's Fund, State of the World's Children.


IndicatorName: Vitamin A supplementation coverage rate (% of children ages 6-59 months)

Longdefinition: Vitamin A supplementation refers to the percentage of children ages 6-59 months old who received at least one high-dose vitamin A capsule in the previous six months.


Generalcomments: Receiving antenatal care during pregnancy does not guarantee the receipt of interventions that are effective in improving maternal health. Receiving antenatal care at least four times, which is recommended by WHO, increases the likelihood of receiving eff

IndicatorName: Antenatal care coverage provided by a skilled health provider, at least one visit (%)

Longdefinition: Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit) is the percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care provided by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, or midwives) at least once during pregnancy, as a percentage of women age 15-49 years with a live birth in a given time period. A skilled health worker/attendant is an accredited health professional - such as a midwife, doctor or nurse - who has been educated and trained to proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal (uncomplicated) pregnancies, childbirth and the immediate postnatal period, and in the identification, management and referral of complications in women and newborns. Both trained and untrained traditional birth attendants (TBA) are excluded.

Topic: Health: Disease prevention


IndicatorName: Antenatal care coverage provided by any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four visits (%)

Longdefinition: Antenatal care coverage (at least four visits) is the percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care four or more times with ANY provider (whether skilled or unskilled), as a percentage of women age 15-49 years with a live birth in a given time period.


IndicatorName: Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults)

Longdefinition: Adult mortality rate is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates between those ages.

Source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm, (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Human Mortality Database. [ www.mortality.org or www.humanmortality.de].

Topic: Health: Mortality


IndicatorName: Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults)

Shortdefinition: Adult mortality rate is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates between those ages.


IndicatorName: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)

Limitationsandexceptions: Annual data series are interpolated from 5-year period data. Therefore they may not reflect real events as much as observed data.

Longdefinition: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

Shortdefinition: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births per 1,000 midyear population.

Source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables), (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

Topic: Health: Population: Dynamics


IndicatorName: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)

Longdefinition: Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

Shortdefinition: Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths per 1,000 midyear population.


IndicatorName: Contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, condom (%)

Longdefinition: Contraceptive prevalence, condom use is the percentage of women married or in-union aged 15 to 49, whose sexual partner is currently using a male condom for contraceptive purposes.

Source: Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF.

Topic: Health: Reproductive health


IndicatorName: Contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, modern method (%)

Longdefinition: Contraceptive prevalence, modern methods is the percentage of women married or in-union aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least one modern method of contraception, regardless of the method used. Modern methods of contraception include female and male sterilization, oral hormonal pills, the intra-uterine device (IUD), the male condom, injectables, the implant (including Norplant), vaginal barrier methods, the female condom and emergency contraception.


IndicatorName: Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49)

Longdefinition: Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49 only.


IndicatorName: Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)

Longdefinition: Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Source: Level & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2010. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA, UNPD).


IndicatorName: Life expectancy at birth, female (years)

Longdefinition: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables), (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.


IndicatorName: Life expectancy at birth, total (years)

Limitationsandexceptions: Annual data series for males and females are interpolated from 5-year period data. Therefore they may not reflect real events as much as observed data.

Shortdefinition: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Source: Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth. Male and female life expectancy source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables), (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.


IndicatorName: Life expectancy at birth, male (years)


IndicatorName: Fertility rate, total (births per woman)

Longdefinition: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.

Source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) household surveys conducted by national agencies, Macro International, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


IndicatorName: Female headed households (% of households with a female head)

Longdefinition: Female headed households shows the percentage of households with a female head.

Source: Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International.


IndicatorName: Teenage mothers (% of women ages 15-19 who have had children or are currently pregnant)

Longdefinition: Teenage mothers are the percentage of women ages 15-19 who already have children or are currently pregnant.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-4, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 0 to 4 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 0 to 4.

Source: World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International.

Topic: Health: Population: Structure


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-4, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 0 to 4 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 0 to 4.


Aggregationmethod: Sum

IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14, female

Longdefinition: Female population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Female population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14, female (% of total)

Longdefinition: Female population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14, male

Longdefinition: Male population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Male population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14, male (% of total)

Longdefinition: Male population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14, total

Longdefinition: Total population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Total population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 0-14 (% of total)

Longdefinition: Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population 0-24 (% of total population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 0 to 24 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 0 to 24.


IndicatorName: Population ages 5-9, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 5 to 9 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 5 to 9.


IndicatorName: Population ages 5-9, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 5 to 9 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 5 to 9.


IndicatorName: Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 10 to 14 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 10 to 14.


IndicatorName: Population ages10-14, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 10 to 14 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 10 to 14.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 15 to 19 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 15 to 19.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 15 to 19 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 15 to 19.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64, female

Longdefinition: Female population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of females who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Female population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of females who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64, female (% of total)

Longdefinition: Female population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of females who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64, male

Longdefinition: Male population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of males who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Male population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of males who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64, male (% of total)

Longdefinition: Male population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of males who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64, total

Longdefinition: Total population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of people who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Total population between the ages 15 to 64 is the number of people who could potentially be economically active. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 15-64 (% of total)

Longdefinition: Population ages 15 to 64 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 20 to 24 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 20 to 24.


IndicatorName: Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 20 to 24 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 20 to 24.


IndicatorName: Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 25 to 29 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 25 to 29.


IndicatorName: Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 25 to 29 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 25 to 29.


IndicatorName: Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 30 to 34 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 30 to 34.


IndicatorName: Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 30 to 34 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 30 to 34.


IndicatorName: Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 35 to 39 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 35 to 39.


IndicatorName: Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 35 to 39 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 35 to 39.


IndicatorName: Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 40 to 44 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 40 to 44.


IndicatorName: Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 40 to 44 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 40 to 44.


IndicatorName: Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 45 to 49 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 45 to 49.


IndicatorName: Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 45 to 49 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 45 to 49.


IndicatorName: Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 50 to 54 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 50 to 54.


IndicatorName: Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 50 to 54 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 50 to 54.


IndicatorName: Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 55 to 59 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 55 to 59.


IndicatorName: Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 55 to 59 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 55 to 59.


IndicatorName: Population ages 50-64, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 60 to 64 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 60 to 64.


IndicatorName: Population ages 50-64, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 60 to 64 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 60 to 64.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 65 to 69 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 65 to 69.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 65 to 69 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 65 to 69.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above, female

Longdefinition: Female population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Female population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above, female (% of total)

Longdefinition: Female population 65 years of age or older as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above, male

Longdefinition: Male population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Male population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above, male (% of total)

Longdefinition: Male population 65 years of age or older as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above, total

Longdefinition: Total population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Total population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 65 and above (% of total)

Longdefinition: Population ages 65 and above as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 70 to 74 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 70 to 74.


IndicatorName: Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 70 to 74 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 70 to 74.


IndicatorName: Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 75 to 79 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 75 to 79.


IndicatorName: Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 75 to 79 is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 75 to 79.


IndicatorName: Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population)

Longdefinition: Population ages 80 and above is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 80 and above.


IndicatorName: Population ages 80 and above, male (% of male population)

Shortdefinition: Population ages 80 and above is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 80 and above.


IndicatorName: Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)

Longdefinition: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.


IndicatorName: Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population)

Longdefinition: Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.


IndicatorName: Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population)

Longdefinition: Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.


IndicatorName: Population growth (annual %)

Longdefinition: Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Shortdefinition: Annual population growth rate. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin.

Source: Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) World bank estimates based on the data from the sources above, household surveys conducted by national agencies, Macro International, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and refugees statistics from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.


IndicatorName: Population, total

Longdefinition: Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates.

Source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) World bank estimates based on the data from the sources above, household surveys conducted by national agencies, Macro International, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and refugees statistics from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.


IndicatorName: Population, female

Longdefinition: Female population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all female residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. Refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum are generally considered to be part of the population of their country of origin.

Source: Derived from data on total population and population, female (% of total). Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) World bank estimates based on the data from the sources above, household surveys conducted by national agencies, Macro International, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and refugees statistics from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Female population percentage source: United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.


IndicatorName: Population, female (% of total)

Longdefinition: Female population is the percentage of the population that is female. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.

Source: United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.


IndicatorName: Population, male

Longdefinition: Male population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all male residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. Refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum are generally considered to be part of the population of their country of origin.

Source: Derived from data on total population and population, male (% of total). Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) World bank estimates based on the data from the sources above, household surveys conducted by national agencies, Macro International, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and refugees statistics from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Male population percentage source: United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.


IndicatorName: Population, male (% of total)

Longdefinition: Male population is the percentage of the population that is male. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.


IndicatorName: Rural population

Longdefinition: Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

Source: The data on urban population shares used to estimate rural population come from the United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects. Total population figures are World Bank estimates.

Topic: Environment: Density & urbanization


IndicatorName: Rural population growth (annual %)

Shortdefinition: Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.

Source: World Bank Staff estimates based on United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.


IndicatorName: Rural population (% of total population)


IndicatorName: Urban population growth (annual %)

Longdefinition: Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects.


IndicatorName: Urban population

Shortdefinition: Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects.


IndicatorName: Urban population (% of total)

Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.


IndicatorName: Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49)

Longdefinition: Unmet need for contraception is the percentage of fertile, married women of reproductive age who do not want to become pregnant and are not using contraception.


IndicatorName: Water supply failure for firms receiving water (average days/year)

Longdefinition: Water supply failure for firms receiving water is the average number of days per year that firms experienced insufficient water supply for production.

Source: World Bank Investment Climate Surveys.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Business environment


Aggregationmethod: Gap-filled total

IndicatorName: International tourism, number of arrivals

Longdefinition: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.

Shortdefinition:
International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they usually reside, and outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and
crew members, is shown instead.

Source: World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Travel & tourism


IndicatorName: International tourism, number of departures

Longdefinition: International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than a remunerated activity in the country visited. The data on outbound tourists refer to the number of departures, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips from a country during a given period is counted each time as a new departure.

Shortdefinition: International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than an activity remunerated in the country visited.


IndicatorName: International tourism, receipts (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, receipts (% of total exports)

Longdefinition: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Their share in exports is calculated as a ratio to exports of goods and services, which comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services.

Source: World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files, and IMF and World Bank exports estimates.


IndicatorName: International tourism, receipts for passenger transport items (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism receipts for passenger transport items are expenditures by international inbound visitors for all services provided in the international transportation by resident carriers. Also included are passenger services performed within an economy by nonresident carriers. Excluded are passenger services provided to nonresidents by resident carriers within the resident economies; these are included in travel items. In addition to the services covered by passenger fares--including fares that are a part of package tours but excluding cruise fares, which are included in travel--passenger services include such items as charges for excess baggage, vehicles, or other personal accompanying effects and expenditures for food, drink, or other items for which passengers make expenditures while on board carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism expenditures for passenger transport items are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries for all services provided during international transportation by nonresident carriers. Also included are passenger services performed within an economy by nonresident carriers. Excluded are passenger services provided to nonresidents by resident carriers within the resident economies; these are included in travel items. In addition to the services covered by passenger fares--including fares that are a part of package tours but excluding cruise fares, which are included in travel--passenger services include such items as charges for excess baggage, vehicles, or other personal accompanying effects and expenditures for food, drink, or other items for which passengers make expenditures while on board carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, receipts for travel items (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism receipts for travel items are expenditures by international inbound visitors in the reporting economy. The goods and services are purchased by, or on behalf of, the traveler or provided, without a quid pro quo, for the traveler to use or give away. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Excluded is the international carriage of travelers, which is covered in passenger travel items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, expenditures for travel items (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries. The goods and services are purchased by, or on behalf of, the traveler or provided, without a quid pro quo, for the traveler to use or give away. These may include expenditures by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Excluded is the international carriage of travelers, which is covered in passenger travel items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, expenditures (current US$)

Longdefinition: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports)

Longdefinition: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Their share in imports is calculated as a ratio to imports of goods and services, which comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services.

Source: World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files, and IMF and World Bank imports estimates.


IndicatorName: Merchandise trade (% of GDP)

Longdefinition: Merchandise trade as a share of GDP is the sum of merchandise exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars.

Source: World Trade Organization, and World Bank GDP estimates.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Total merchandise trade


IndicatorName: Number of product (imports)

Longdefinition: Number of products (at SITC, Revision 3, 3-digit group level) imported by country or country grouping; this figure includes only those products that are greater than 100,000 dollars or more than 0.3 per cent of the country’s or country group’s total imports.  The maximum number of products is 261.

Source: UNCTAD Statistical Office, also reported in the UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, various issues (http://unctadstat.unctad.org/).

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Trade indexes


IndicatorName: Import product concentration index

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index measure of the degree of import concentration within a country.  The sectoral Hirschmann index is defined as the square root of the sum of the squared shares of exports of each industry in total exports for the region under study.  Takes a value between 0 and 1, with 1 indicating that only a single product is exported.  Higher values indicate that imports are concentrated in fewer sectors.  On the contrary, values closer to 0 reflect a more equal distribution of market shares among importers.  Note that this type of concentration indicator tends to be quite vulnerable to cyclical fluctuations in relative-prices, in a way that commodity price rises make commodity importers look more concentrated.


IndicatorName: Import product diversification index

Longdefinition: The diversification index signals whether the structure of imports by product of a given country or group of countries differ from the structure of product of the world.  Diversification index that ranges from 0 to 1 reveals the extent of the differences between the structure of trade of the country or country group and the world average. The index value closer to 1 indicates a bigger difference from the world average. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using disaggregated exports at 4 digits (following the STIC3).  This index is a modified Finger-Kreinin measure of similarity in trade. For more information, please consult the article of Finger, J. M. and M. E. Kreinin (1979), “A measure of ‘export similarity’ and its possible uses” in the Economic Journal , 89: 905-12.

Shortdefinition: The diversification index signals whether the structure of imports by product of a given country or group of countries differ from the structure of product of the world.  Diversification index is computed by measuring absolute deviation of the country share from world structure.  Diversification index that ranges from 0 to 1 reveals the extent of the differences between the structure of trade of the country or country group and the world average. The index value closer to 1 indicates a bigger difference from the world average. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using disaggregated exports at 4 digits (following the STIC3).


IndicatorName: General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Commitments Index (0-100, most liberal)

Longdefinition: This indicator measures the extent of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) commitments for all 155 services sub-sectors as classified by the GATS and in the four modes of the GATS. Each entry in the country’s schedule is assigned scores based on its relative restrictiveness, using a criteria set out by Bernard Hoekman’s methodology.  That resulted in 1,240 scores, ranging from 0 (unbound or no commitments) to 100 (completely liberalized), with an intermediate value of 50 for partial commitments. A simple average of the subsectoral scores were used to generate aggregate sectoral scores (for the 12 main services sectors as classified by the GATS), modes scores, and market access and national treatment scores. The overall 12 GATS commitment index is a simple average of the sectoral indices.  Disaggregated indices are available for Market Access and National Treatment and for twelve subsectors: business services, communication services, construction and engineering services, distribution services, educational services, environmental services, financial services, health services, tourism services, recreational and cultural services, transport services, and other services.

Source: GATS commitment schedules in the WTO, as scored by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team. Scoring and Sectoral weights follow Bernard Hoekman, Tentative First Steps: An assessment of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Services. Finance and Private Sector Dev


IndicatorName: Merchandise import price index

Longdefinition: Total merchandise imports  price index with 1987=100.

Source: World Bank country economists.


IndicatorName: Import price index, (nonfactor) services

Longdefinition: Measuring changes in the aggregate price level of a country's non-factor services imports c.i.f. over time with 1987 price index=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, POL and other energy

Longdefinition: Petroleum and other energy products imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, food

Longdefinition: Total food imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, capital goods

Longdefinition: Capital goods imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Merchandise import volume index

Longdefinition: Total merchandise imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index (2000 = 100)

Longdefinition: Import volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the import value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD’s estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year’s trade values as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the import volume indexes (lines 73) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used.

Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, other consumer goods

Longdefinition: Other consumer goods imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, (nonfactor) services

Longdefinition: Imports of (non-factor) services. Data; Volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, manufactures

Longdefinition: Manufacture goods imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, primary goods

Longdefinition: Primary goods imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Import volume index, intermediate goods

Longdefinition: Intermediate goods imports  volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines bound, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s tariff schedule bound subject to WTO Negotiation Agreements. Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.

Source: UNCTAD TRAINS database through WITS until 2006, then ITC database.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Tariffs


IndicatorName: Binding coverage, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Binding coverage is the percentage of product lines with an agreed bound rate. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Binding coverage is the percentage of product lines with an agreed bound rate. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Source: World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from World Trade Organization.


IndicatorName: Bound rate, simple mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, dispersion around the mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the applied tariff rates including preferential rates that a country applies to its trading partners available at HS 6-digit product level in a country’s customs schedule.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines domestic peaks, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s MFN tariff schedule with the value above 3 times the simple average tariff.  Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  These shares are also reported disaggregated for agricultural goods and non-agricultural goods.

Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) and the World Trade Organization.


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with international peaks, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. It provides an indication of how selectively tariffs are applied. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Source: World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Source: World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with specific rates, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. It shows the extent to which countries use tariffs based on physical quantities or other, non-ad valorem measures. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition:
Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's
Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)

Longdefinition: Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.

Shortdefinition: Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines bound, all products (%)

Shortdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s tariff schedule bound subject to WTO Negotiation Agreements. Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.


IndicatorName: Binding coverage, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Binding coverage is the percentage of product lines with an agreed bound rate. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable.


IndicatorName: Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, dispersion around the mean, all products (%)

Shortdefinition: This indicator is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the applied tariff rates including preferential rates that a country applies to its trading partners available at HS 6-digit product level in a country’s customs schedule.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines domestic peaks, all products (%)

Shortdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s MFN tariff schedule with the value above 3 times the simple average tariff.  Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  These shares are also reported disaggregated for agricultural goods and non-agricultural goods.


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with international peaks, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. It provides an indication of how selectively tariffs are applied.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups.


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with specific rates, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. It shows the extent to which countries use tariffs based on physical quantities or other, non-ad valorem measures.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%)

Longdefinition: Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines bound, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s tariff schedule bound subject to WTO Negotiation Agreements. Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.


IndicatorName: Binding coverage, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Binding coverage is the percentage of product lines with an agreed bound rate. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Binding coverage is the percentage of product lines with an agreed bound rate. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Bound rate, simple mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, dispersion around the mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the applied tariff rates including preferential rates that a country applies to its trading partners available at HS 6-digit product level in a country’s customs schedule.  As calculated by the World Bank Institute WTI 2008 team.


IndicatorName: Tariff barriers, share of lines domestic peaks, primary (%)

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the total share of lines in the country’s MFN tariff schedule with the value above 3 times the simple average tariff.  Expressed as a percentage of total lines.  These shares are also reported disaggregated for agricultural goods and non-agricultural goods.


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with international peaks, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. It provides an indication of how selectively tariffs are applied. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Share of tariff lines with specific rates, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. It shows the extent to which countries use tariffs based on physical quantities or other, non-ad valorem measures. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, primary products (%)

Longdefinition: Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Shortdefinition: Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).


Generalcomments: Merchandise import shares may not sum to 100 percent because of unclassified trade.

IndicatorName: Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports)

Longdefinition: Agricultural raw materials comprise SITC section 2 (crude materials except fuels) excluding divisions 22, 27 (crude fertilizers and minerals excluding coal, petroleum, and precious stones), and 28 (metalliferous ores and scrap).

Source: World Bank staff estimates from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Imports


IndicatorName: POL and other energy imports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Petroleum and energy products imports in current US dollars. Values are on cif (includes freight and insurance costs).


IndicatorName: POL and other energy imports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Petroleum and energy products imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Food imports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Food imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in current US dollars.


IndicatorName: Food imports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Food imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Food imports (% of merchandise imports)

Longdefinition: Food comprises the commodities in SITC sections 0 (food and live animals), 1 (beverages and tobacco), and 4 (animal and vegetable oils and fats) and SITC division 22 (oil seeds, oil nuts, and oil kernels).


IndicatorName: Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports)

Longdefinition: Fuels comprise the commodities in SITC section 3 (mineral fuels).


IndicatorName: Capital goods imports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Imports of capital goods in current US dollars. Values are on cif (includes freight and insurance costs).


IndicatorName: Capital goods imports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Imports of capital goods, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports)

Longdefinition: Manufactures comprise the commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (nonferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports)

Longdefinition: Ores and metals comprise commodities in SITC sections 27 (crude fertilizer, minerals nes); 28 (metalliferous ores, scrap); and 68 (non-ferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Merchandise imports, WB (current US$)

Longdefinition: Total merchandise imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in current US dollars.


IndicatorName: Merchandise imports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Merchandise imports show the c.i.f. value of goods received from the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.

Source: World Trade Organization.


IndicatorName: Merchandise imports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Total merchandise imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Other consumer goods imports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Consumer goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in current dollars.


IndicatorName: Other consumer goods imports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Consumer goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, manufactures (current US$)

Longdefinition: Imports of manufactures (SITC 5 through 9 excluding 68) in current US dollars. Values are on c.i.f. basis.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, manufactures (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Imports of manufactures (SITC 5 through 9 excluding 68) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, primary (current US$)

Longdefinition: Primary goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in current US dollars.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, primary (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Primary goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, total (current US$)

Longdefinition: Intermediate goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) current US dollars.


IndicatorName: Intermediate goods imports, total (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Intermediate goods imports, cif (includes freight and insurance costs) in 1987 constant US dollars.


IndicatorName: Merchandise Terms of Trade (1987 = 100)

Longdefinition: Net barter (merchandise) terms of trade (1987 = 100) are the ratio of the export price index to the corresponding import price index measured relative to the base year of 1987.


IndicatorName: Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100)

Longdefinition: Net barter terms of trade index is calculated as the percentage ratio of the export unit value indexes to the import unit value indexes, measured relative to the base year 2000. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD’s estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year’s trade values as weights.


IndicatorName: Number of product (exports)

Longdefinition: Number of products (at SITC, Revision 3, 3-digit group level) exported by country or country grouping; this figure includes only those products that are greater than 100,000 dollars or more than 0.3 per cent of the country’s or country group’s total exports.  The maximum number of products is 261.

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Exports


IndicatorName: Export product concentration index

Longdefinition: This indicator reflects the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index measure of the degree of export concentration within a country.  The sectoral Hirschmann index is defined as the square root of the sum of the squared shares of exports of each industry in total exports for the region under study.  Takes a value between 0 and 1, with 1 indicating that only a single product is exported.  Higher values indicate that exports are concentrated in fewer sectors.  On the contrary, values closer to 0 reflect a more equal distribution of market shares among exporters. Note that this type of concentration indicator tends to be quite vulnerable to cyclical fluctuations in relative-prices, in a way that commodity price rises make commodity exporters look more concentrated.


IndicatorName: Export product diversification index

Longdefinition: The diversification index signals whether the structure of exports by product of a given country or group of countries differ from the structure of product of the world.  Diversification index is computed by measuring absolute deviation of the country share from world structure.  Diversification index that ranges from 0 to 1 reveals the extent of the differences between the structure of trade of the country or country group and the world average. The index value closer to 1 indicates a bigger difference from the world average. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using disaggregated exports at 4 digits (following the STIC3).


IndicatorName: Merchandise export price index (1987 = 100)

Longdefinition: This item is a price index measuring changes in the aggregate price level of a country's merchandise exports f.o.b. over time.


IndicatorName: Export price index, (nonfactor) services

Longdefinition: This item is a price index measuring changes in the aggregate price level of a country's non-factor services exports over time with 1987 price index=100.

Source: World Bank  country economists.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 1 (volume index)

Longdefinition: Export volume index of commodity 1 with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 2 (volume index)

Longdefinition: Export volume index of commodity 2 with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 3 (volume index)

Longdefinition: Export volume index of commodity 3 with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 4 (volume index)

Longdefinition: Export volume index of commodity 4 with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Export volume index, manufactures

Longdefinition: Export volume index of manufactures with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Merchandise export volume index

Longdefinition: Merchandise exports volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Export volume index (2000 = 100)

Longdefinition: Export volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the export value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD’s estimates using the previous year’s trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, UNCTAD constructs a set of average prices indexes at the three-digit product classification of the Standard International Trade Classification revision 3 using UNCTAD’s Commodity Price Statistics, international and national sources, and UNCTAD secretariat estimates and calculates unit value indexes at the country level using the current year’s trade values as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export volume indexes (lines 72) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used.


IndicatorName: Export volume index, (nonfactor) services

Longdefinition: Exports of (non-factor) services. Data; Volume index with 1987=100.


IndicatorName: Export volume index, other primary commodities

Longdefinition: Export volume index of other primary commodities with 1987=100.


Generalcomments: Merchandise export shares may not sum to 100 percent because of unclassified trade.

IndicatorName: Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports)

Longdefinition: Agricultural raw materials comprise SITC section 2 (crude materials except fuels) excluding divisions 22, 27 (crude fertilizers and minerals excluding coal, petroleum, and precious stones), and 28 (metalliferous ores and scrap).


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 1 (current US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 1 in current US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 1 (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 1 in 1987 constant US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 2 (current US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 2 in current US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 2 (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 2 in 1987 constant US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 3 (current US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 3 in current US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 3 (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 3 in 1987 constant US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 4 (current US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 4 in current US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Exports of commodity 4 (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of commodity 4 in 1987 constant US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Food exports (% of merchandise exports)

Longdefinition: Food comprises the commodities in SITC sections 0 (food and live animals), 1 (beverages and tobacco), and 4 (animal and vegetable oils and fats) and SITC division 22 (oil seeds, oil nuts, and oil kernels).


IndicatorName: Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports)

Longdefinition: Fuels comprise SITC section 3 (mineral fuels).


IndicatorName: Manufactures exports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Manufactures comprise the commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (nonferrous metals).

Source: World Bank staff estimates from the COMTRADE database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.


IndicatorName: Manufactures exports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Manufactures comprise the commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (nonferrous metals) in 1987 constant US dollars. Values are on fob basis.


IndicatorName: Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports)

Longdefinition: Manufactures comprise commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (non-ferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

Longdefinition: Ores and metals comprise the commodities in SITC sections 27 (crude fertilizer, minerals nes); 28 (metalliferous ores, scrap); and 68 (non-ferrous metals).


IndicatorName: Merchandise exports, WB (current US$)

Longdefinition: Merchandise exports (current US$) show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. They are classified using the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Merchandise exports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Merchandise exports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Merchandise exports (constant 1987 US$) show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. They are classified using the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Data are in constant U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Other primary commodities exports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of other primary commodities in current US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Other primary commodities exports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Exports of other primary commodities in 1987 constant US dollars and fob basis.


IndicatorName: Primary commodities exports (current US$)

Longdefinition: Total Primary Commodities exports in current US dollars. Values are in fob basis.


IndicatorName: Primary commodities exports (constant US$)

Longdefinition: Total Primary Commodities exports in 1987 constant US dollars. Values are in fob basis.


IndicatorName: Human development index (HDI)

Longdefinition: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension. The HDI is the geometric mean of the three dimension indices and embodies imperfect substitutability across all HDI dimensions. It thus addresses one of the most serious criticisms of the linear aggregation formula, which allowed for perfect substitution across dimensions. Some substitutability is inherent in the definition of any index that increases with the values of its components. Data sources: Life expectancy at birth: UNDESA; Mean years of schooling: Barro and Lee; Expected years of schooling: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Gross national income (GNI) per capita: World Bank.

Shortdefinition: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension. Data sources: Life expectancy at birth: UNDESA (2009d); Mean years of schooling: Barro and Lee (2010); Expected years of schooling: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2010a); Gross national income (GNI) per capita: World Bank (2010g) and IMF (2010a).  Source: Calculated based on data from UNDESA (2009d), Barro and Lee (2010), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2010b), World Bank (2010b) and IMF(2010a).

Topic: Health: Risk factors


IndicatorName: Combined polity score

Longdefinition:
The Combined Polity score is computed by subtracting the AUTOCRACY score (UPP.INS.AUTO.XQ) from the DEMOCRACY score (UPP.INS.DEMO.XQ); the resulting unified polity scale ranges from +10 (strongly democratic) to -10 (strongly autocratic). Note: The POLITY score was added to the Polity IV data series in recognition of its common usage by users in quantitative research and in the overriding interest of maintaining uniformity among users in this application. The simple combination of the original DEMOC and AUTOC index values in a unitary POLITY scale, in many ways, runs contrary to the original theory stated by Eckstein and Gurr in Patterns of Authority Polity IV Project: Dataset Users’ Manual 17 (1975) and, so, should be treated and interpreted with due caution. Its primary utility is in investigative research which should be augmented by more detailed analysis. The original theory posits that autocratic and democratic authority are distinct patterns of authority, elements of which may co-exist in any particular regime context. The inclusion of this variable in the data series should not be seen as an acceptance of the counter-proposal that autocracy and democracy are alternatives or opposites in a unified authority spectrum, even though elements of this perspective may be implied in the original theory. The POLITY variable provides a convenient avenue for examining general regime effects in analyses but researchers should note that the middle of the implied POLITY “spectrum” is somewhat muddled in terms of the original theory, masking various combinations of DEMOC and AUTOC scores with the same POLITY score. Investigations involving hypotheses of varying effects of democracy and/or autocracy should employ the original Polity scheme and test DEMOC and AUTOC separately.
The Polity IV dataset covers all major, independent states in the global system (i.e., states with total population of 500,000 or more in the most recent year; currently 163 countries) over the period 1800-2009.  Changes made during the most recent update are listed in an Excel file in http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm.  For details see Monty G. Marshall, Ted Robert Gurr and Keith Jaggers “POLITY™ IV PROJECT, Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2009, Dataset Users’ Manual”.

Shortdefinition: Combined Polity Score: The POLITY score is computed by subtracting the AUTOCRACY score from the DEMOCRACY score; the resulting unified polity scale ranges from +10 (strongly democratic) to -10 (strongly autocratic).

Source: Center for Systemic Peace, www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm

Topic: Poverty: Conflict & fragility


IndicatorName: Institutionalized autocracy

Longdefinition:
 "Authoritarian regime" in Western political discourse is a pejorative term for some very diverse kinds of political systems whose common properties are a lack of regularized political competition and concern for political freedoms. The term Autocracy is used and defined operationally in terms of the presence of a distinctive set of political characteristics.  In mature form, autocracies sharply restrict or suppress competitive political participation. Their chief executives are chosen in a regularized process of selection within the political elite, and once in office they exercise power with few institutional constraints. Most modern autocracies also exercise a high degree of directiveness over social and economic activity, but we regard this as a function of political ideology and choice, not a defining property of autocracy. Social democracies also exercise relatively high degrees of directiveness. The Polity data producers prefer to leave open for empirical investigation the question of how Autocracy, Democracy, and directiveness (performance) have covaried over time.
An eleven-point Autocracy scale is constructed additively.  The logic of this "institutionalized autocracy" scale is similar to that of the institutionalized democracy scale, below, and it is subject to the same kinds of operational redefinition to suit different theoretical purposes. Note that the two scales do not share any categories in common. Nonetheless many polities have mixed authority traits, and thus can have middling scores on both Autocracy and Democracy scales. These are the kinds of polities which were characterized as "anocratic" and "incoherent" in the Polity I studies. As a group they proved to less durable than coherent democracies and autocracies (see Gurr 1974, Harmel 1980, Lichbach 1984).  The Polity IV dataset covers all major, independent states in the global system (i.e., states with total population of 500,000 or more in the most recent year; currently 163 countries) over the period 1800-2009.  Changes made during the most recent update are listed in an Excel file in http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm. For details see Monty G. Marshall, Ted Robert Gurr and Keith Jaggers “POLITY™ IV PROJECT, Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2009, Dataset Users’ Manual”


IndicatorName: Institutionalized democracy

Longdefinition:
Democracy is conceived as three essential, interdependent elements. One is the presence of institutions and procedures through which citizens can express effective preferences about alternative policies and leaders. Second is the existence of institutionalized constraints on the exercise of power by the executive. Third is the guarantee of civil liberties to all citizens in their daily lives and in acts of political participation. Other aspects of plural democracy, such as the rule of law, systems of checks and balances, freedom of the press, and so on are means to, or specific manifestations of, these general principles. We do not include coded data on civil liberties.
The Democracy indicator is an additive eleven-point scale (0-10).
This "institutional democracy" indicator follows a logic similar to that underlying the Polity I analyses. There is no "necessary condition" for characterizing a political system as democratic, rather democracy is treated as a variable.  If the composite indicator of institutionalized democracy is inappropriate for some conceptual purposes, it can be easily redefined either by altering the constituent categories and weights, or by specifying some minimum preconditions. A mature and internally coherent democracy, for example, might be operationally defined as one in which (a) political participation is unrestricted, open, and fully competitive; (b) executive recruitment is elective, and (c) constraints on the chief executive are substantial. The Polity IV dataset covers all major, independent states in the global system (i.e., states with total population of 500,000 or more in the most recent year; currently 163 countries) over the period 1800-2009.  Changes made during the most recent update are listed in an Excel file in http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm. For details see Monty G. Marshall, Ted Robert Gurr and Keith Jaggers “POLITY™ IV PROJECT, Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2009, Dataset Users’ Manual”

Shortdefinition:
Institutionalized Democracy: Democracy is conceived as three essential, interdependent elements.
One is the presence of institutions and procedures through which citizens can express effective
preferences about alternative policies and leaders. Second is the existence of institutionalized
constraints on the exercise of power by the executive. Third is the guarantee of civil liberties to all
citizens in their daily lives and in acts of political participation. Other aspects of plural democracy,
such as the rule of law, systems of checks and balances, freedom of the press, and so on are
means to, or specific manifestations of, these general principles. We do not include coded data on
civil liberties.  The Democracy indicator is an additive eleven-point scale (0-10).


IndicatorName: Revised Combined Polity Score

Longdefinition:
Revised Combined Polity Score is a modified version of the POLITY variable added in order to facilitate the use of the POLITY regime measure in time-series analyses. It modifies the combined annual POLITY score by applying a simple treatment, or ““fix,” to convert instances of
“standardized authority scores” (i.e., -66, -77, and -88) to conventional polity scores (i.e., within the range, -10 to +10).