IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, to the least developed countries (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council.


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided to the least developed countries (% of GNI)

License_Type: CC BY-4.0

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council. Series is shown as a share of donors' GNI.

Periodicity: Annual

Source: Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: Official development assistance


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms.


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. It is shown as a share of donors' GNI.


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (constant 2021 US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. Data are in constant 2021 U.S. dollars.


Aggregationmethod: Sum

Dataset: International Debt Statistics

IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Amortization


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral concessional (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: IMF repurchases (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: IMF repurchases are total repayments of outstanding drawings from the General Resources Account during the year specified, excluding repayments due in the reserve tranche. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal repayments on external debt, long-term + IMF (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. This item includes principal repayments on long-term debt and IMF repurchases. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. IMF repurchases are total repayments of outstanding drawings from the General Resources Account during the year specified, excluding repayments due in the reserve tranche. To maintain comparability between data on transactions with the IMF and data on long-term debt, use of IMF credit outstanding at the end of year (stock) is converted to dollars at the SDR exchange rate in effect at the end of year. Repurchases (flows) are converted at the average SDR exchange rate for the year in which transactions take place. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal repayments on external debt, long-term (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal repayments on long-term debt are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal repayments on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal repayments on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed long-term debt are aggregated. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IBRD (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IDA (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral concessional (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, official creditors (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bonds (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, commercial banks (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, bonds (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt from bonds that are privately placed. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, other private creditors (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, private creditors (AMT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal arrears, public and publicly guaranteed (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal in arrears on long-term debt is defined as principal repayment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Arrears, reschedulings, etc.


IndicatorName: Principal arrears, official creditors (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal in arrears on long-term debt is defined as principal repayment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal arrears, private creditors (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal in arrears on long-term debt is defined as principal repayment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal forgiven (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal forgiven is the amount of principal due or in arrears that was written off or forgiven in any given year. It includes debt forgiven within and outside Paris Club agreements, principal forgiven and principal arrears forgiven. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal rescheduled (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal rescheduled is the amount of principal due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal rescheduled, official (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal rescheduled is the amount of principal due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Principal rescheduled, private (current US$)

Longdefinition: Principal rescheduled is the amount of principal due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Commitments, public and publicly guaranteed (COM, current US$)

Longdefinition: Commitments are the total amount of long-term loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified; data for private nonguaranteed debt are not available. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Commitments


IndicatorName: Commitments, IBRD (COM, current US$)

Longdefinition: Commitments (IBRD) are the sum of new commitments on public and publicly guaranteed loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Commitments, IDA (COM, current US$)

Longdefinition: Commitments (IDA) are the sum of new commitments on public and publicly guaranteed loans from the International Development Association (IDA). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Commitments, official creditors (COM, current US$)

Longdefinition: Commitments are the amount of long-term loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Commitments, private creditors (COM, current US$)

Longdefinition: Commitments are the amount of long-term loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified; data for private nonguaranteed debt are not available. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Aggregationmethod: Weighted average

IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Deutsche mark (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Deutsche marks for the low- and middle-income countries.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Currency composition


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Euro (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Euros for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, French franc (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in French francs for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Japanese yen (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Japanese yen for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Multiple currencies (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in multiple currencies for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, all other currencies (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in all other currencies not specified for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, SDR (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in special drawing rights for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Swiss franc (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Swiss francs for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, Pound sterling (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in U.K. pound sterling for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Currency composition of PPG debt, U.S. dollars (%)

Longdefinition: The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in U.S. dollars for the low- and middle-income countries.


IndicatorName: Debt forgiveness or reduction (current US$)

Longdefinition: Debt forgiveness or reduction shows the change in debt stock due to debt forgiveness or reduction. It is derived by subtracting debt forgiven and debt stock reduction from debt buyback. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Disbursements


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral concessional (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: IMF purchases (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: IMF purchases are total drawings on the General Resources Account of the IMF during the year specified, excluding drawings in the reserve tranche. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Disbursements on external debt, long-term + IMF (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. This item includes disbursements on long-term debt and IMF purchases. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. IMF purchases are total drawings on the General Resources Account of the IMF during the year specified, excluding drawings in the reserve tranche. To maintain comparability between data on transactions with the IMF and data on long-term debt, use of IMF credit outstanding at the end of year (stock) is converted to dollars at the SDR exchange rate in effect at the end of year. Purchases are converted at the average SDR exchange rate for the year in which transactions take place. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Disbursements on external debt, long-term (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Disbursements on long-term debt are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Disbursements on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Disbursements on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed long-term debt are aggregated. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: IDA grants (current US$)

Longdefinition: IDA grants are net disbursements of grants from the International Development Association (IDA). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Regional allocations are included in aggregate data.


IndicatorName: PPG, IBRD (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IDA (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral concessional (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, official creditors (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bonds (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, commercial banks (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, bonds (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt from bonds that are privately placed. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, other private creditors (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, private creditors (DIS, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Disbursements are drawings by the borrower on loan commitments during the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, concessional (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Concessional external debt conveys information about the borrower's receipt of aid from official lenders at concessional terms as defined by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Loans from major regional development banks--African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank--and from the World Bank are classified as concessional according to each institution's classification and not according to the DAC definition, as was the practice in earlier reports. Long-term debt outstanding and disbursed is the total outstanding long-term debt at year end. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Debt outstanding


IndicatorName: Concessional debt (% of total external debt)

Longdefinition: Concessional debt to total external debt stocks. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Debt ratios & other items


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral concessional (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Developmentrelevance:
External indebtedness affects a country's creditworthiness and investor perceptions. Nonreporting countries might have outstanding debt with the World Bank, other international financial institutions, or private creditors. Total debt service is contrasted with countries' ability to obtain foreign exchange through exports of goods, services, primary income, and workers' remittances.

Debt ratios are used to assess the sustainability of a country's debt service obligations, but no absolute rules determine what values are too high. Empirical analysis of developing countries' experience and debt service performance shows that debt service difficulties become increasingly likely when the present value of debt reaches 200 percent of exports. Still, what constitutes a sustainable debt burden varies by country. Countries with fast-growing economies and exports are likely to be able to sustain higher debt levels.

IndicatorName: External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Shortdefinition: Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. It is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, short-term debt, and use of IMF credit. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.


IndicatorName: Total change in external debt stocks (current US$)

Longdefinition: Total change in debt stocks shows the variation in debt stock between two consecutive years. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Generalcomments: The denominator for this indicator in previous versions of Global Development Finance included workers' remittances. Workers' remittances are no longer included.

IndicatorName: External debt stocks (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)

Longdefinition: Total external debt stocks to exports of goods, services and primary income.


Developmentrelevance:
External debt is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to creditors outside the country. The debtors can be the government, corporations or private households. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, other governments, or international financial institutions.

External indebtedness affects a country's creditworthiness and investor perceptions. Nonreporting countries might have outstanding debt with the World Bank, other international financial institutions, or private creditors. Total debt service is contrasted with countries' ability to obtain foreign exchange through exports of goods, services, primary income, and workers' remittances.

Debt ratios are used to assess the sustainability of a country's debt service obligations, but no absolute rules determine what values are too high. Empirical analysis of developing countries' experience and debt service performance shows that debt service difficulties become increasingly likely when the present value of debt reaches 200 percent of exports. Still, what constitutes a sustainable debt burden varies by country. Countries with fast-growing economies and exports are likely to be able to sustain higher debt levels. Various indicators determine a sustainable level of external debt, including:

a) debt to GDP ratio
b) foreign debt to exports ratio
c) government debt to current fiscal revenue ratio
d) share of foreign debt
e) short-term debt
f) concessional debt in the total debt stock

IndicatorName: External debt stocks (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.


IndicatorName: Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Use of IMF Credit: Data related to the operations of the IMF are provided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They are converted from special drawing rights into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, Extended Fund Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facility (Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in 1999) are presented together with all of the IMF’s special facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, compensatory and contingency facilities, oil facilities, and other facilities). SDR allocations are also included in this category. According to the BPM6, SDR allocations are recorded as the incurrence of a debt liability of the member receiving them (because of a requirement to repay the allocation in certain circumstances, and also because interest accrues). This debt item is introduced for the first time this year with historical data starting in 1999.

Shortdefinition: Use of IMF credit denotes members’ drawings on the IMF other than amounts drawn against the country’s reserve tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes purchases and drawings under Stand-By, Extended, Structural Adjustment, Enhanced Structural Adjustment, and Systemic Transformation Facility Arrangements as well as Trust Fund loans. SDR allocations are also included in this category.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Data related to the operations of the IMF come from the IMF Treasurer's Department and are converted from special drawing rights (SDRs) into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for stocks and average over the period exchange rates for converting flows. DOD refers to disbursed and outstanding debt; data are in current U.S. dollars.

Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Long-term debt is debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year. It has three components: public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt comprises long-term external obligations of private debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt comprises long-term external obligations of public debtors, including the national government,  Public Corporations, State Owned Enterprises, Development Banks and Other Mixed Enterprises, political subdivisions (or an agency of either), autonomous public bodies, and external obligations of private debtors that are guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, short-term (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of total reserves)

Limitationsandexceptions:
The DRS encourages debtor countries to voluntarily provide information on their short-term external obligations. By its nature, short-term external debt is difficult to monitor: loan-by-loan registration is normally impractical, and monitoring systems typically rely on information requested periodically by the central bank from the banking sector. The World Bank regards the debtor country as the authoritative source of information on its short-term debt. Where such information is not available from the debtor country, data are derived from BIS data on international bank lending based on time remaining to original maturity. The data are reported based on residual maturity, but an estimate of short-term external liabilities by original maturity can be derived by deducting from claims due in one year those that have a maturity of between one and two years. However, BIS data include liabilities reported only by banks within the BIS reporting area. The results should thus be interpreted with caution. Because short-term debt poses an immediate burden and is particularly important for monitoring vulnerability, it is compared with total debt and foreign exchange reserves, which are instrumental in providing coverage for such obligations.

A country's external debt burden, both debt outstanding and debt service, affects its creditworthiness and vulnerability. While data related to public and publicly guaranteed debt are reported to the DRS on a loan-by-loan basis, aggregate data on long-term private nonguaranteed debt are reported annually and are reported by the country or estimated by World Bank staff for countries where this type of external debt is known to be significant. Estimates are based on national data from the World Bank's Quarterly External Debt Statistics.

Longdefinition: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total reserves includes gold.


IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)

Longdefinition: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt.


IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of total external debt)

Longdefinition: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.


Generalcomments: The aggregate figure for all developing countries is sourced from OECD and includes all OECD countries and regions.

IndicatorName: Debt forgiveness grants (current US$)

Longdefinition: Debt forgiveness grants data cover both debt cancelled by agreement between debtor and creditor and a reduction in the net present value of non-ODA debt achieved by concessional rescheduling or refinancing. The  data are on a disbursement basis and cover flows from all bilateral and multilateral donors. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.


IndicatorName: PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IDA (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)

Longdefinition: Multilateral debt to total external debt stocks.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral concessional (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: IBRD loans and IDA credits are public and publicly guaranteed debt extended by the World Bank Group. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends at market rates. Credits from the International Development Association (IDA) are at concessional rates. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, official creditors (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bonds (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, commercial banks (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, bonds (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt from bonds that are privately placed. Private nonguaranteed long-term debt outstanding and disbursed is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Private nonguaranteed long-term debt outstanding and disbursed is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, other private creditors (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, long-term private sector (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Long-term private sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (private banks and private entities). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, private creditors (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, long-term public sector (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Long-term public sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (central government, state and local government, central bank, public and mixed enterprises, and official development banks). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (current US$)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (% of exports of goods, services and income)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The exports denominator is a three-year average.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. The exports denominator is a three-year average.


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The GNI denominator is a three-year average.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. The GNI denominator is a three-year average.


IndicatorName: Residual, debt stock-flow reconciliation (current US$)

Longdefinition: The residual difference, i.e. the change in stock not explained by any of the factors identified under debt stock-flow reconciliation, is calculated as the sum of identified accounts minus the change in stock. Where the latter is large it can, in some cases, serve as an illustration of the inconsistencies in the reported data. More often however, it can be explained by specific borrowing phenomenon in individual countries. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, variable rate (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Variable interest rate is long-term external debt with interest rates that float with movements in a key market rate; for example, the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) or the U.S. prime rate. This item conveys information about the borrower's exposure to changes in international interest rates. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Debt buyback (current US$)

Longdefinition: Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of its own debt, discounted or at par. In the event of a buyback of long-term debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in the long-term debt stock, and the cash amount received by creditors will be recorded as a principal repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Debt stock reduction (current US$)

Longdefinition: Debt stock reductions show the amount that has been netted out of the stock of debt using debt conversion schemes such as buybacks and equity swaps or the discounted value of long-term bonds that were issued in exchange for outstanding debt. It includes the effect of any financial operation that will reduce the debt stock other than debt stock restructuring, repayment of principal and debt forgiven. In particular, debt stock reduction will include the face value of debt bought back, the face value of debt swapped for equity (or "nature" or "development"), any face value reduction that might result as the consequence of a bond exchange, and any face value reduction resulting from an exchange of debt for discount bonds. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Debt stock rescheduled (current US$)

Longdefinition: Debt stocks rescheduled is the amount of debt outstanding rescheduled in any given year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Average grace period on new external debt commitments (years)

Longdefinition: Grace period is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the grace periods for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Terms


IndicatorName: Average grace period on new external debt commitments, official (years)

Longdefinition: Grace period is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the grace periods for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies.


IndicatorName: Average grace period on new external debt commitments, private (years)

Longdefinition: Grace period is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the grace periods for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency.


IndicatorName: Average grant element on new external debt commitments (%)

Longdefinition: The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. To obtain the average, the grant elements for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Commitments cover the total amount of loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data for private nonguaranteed debt are not available.


IndicatorName: Average grant element on new external debt commitments, official (%)

Longdefinition: The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. To obtain the average, the grant elements for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Commitments cover the total amount of loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies.


IndicatorName: Average grant element on new external debt commitments, private (%)

Longdefinition: The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. To obtain the average, the grant elements for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Commitments cover the total amount of loans for which contracts were signed in the year specified. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency.


IndicatorName: Average interest on new external debt commitments (%)

Longdefinition: Interest represents the average interest rate on all new public and publicly guaranteed loans contracted during the year. To obtain the average, the interest rates for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity.


IndicatorName: Average interest on new external debt commitments, official (%)

Longdefinition: Interest represents the average interest rate on all new public and publicly guaranteed loans contracted during the year. To obtain the average, the interest rates for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies.


IndicatorName: Average interest on new external debt commitments, private (%)

Longdefinition: Interest represents the average interest rate on all new public and publicly guaranteed loans contracted during the year. To obtain the average, the interest rates for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency.


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Interest


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral concessional (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt, total (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. This item includes interest paid on long-term debt, IMF charges, and interest paid on short-term debt. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)

Longdefinition: Total interest payments to exports of goods, services and primary income. Total interest payment is the sum of interest actually paid in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt, and charges to the IMF.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Total interest payments to gross national income.


IndicatorName: IMF charges (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: IMF charges cover interest payments with respect to all uses of IMF resources, excluding those resulting from drawings in the reserve tranche. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt, long-term (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest payments on long-term debt are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed long-term debt are aggregated. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest payments on external debt, short-term (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest payments on short-term debt are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. This item includes interest paid on long-term debt, IMF charges, and interest paid on short-term debt. Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IBRD (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, IDA (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, multilateral concessional (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, official creditors (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, bonds (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, commercial banks (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, bonds (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt from bonds that are privately placed. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, other private creditors (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: PPG, private creditors (INT, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest arrears, public and publicly guaranteed (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Net change in interest arrears (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net change in interest arrears is the variation in the total amount of interest in arrears between two consecutive years. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest arrears, official creditors (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest arrears, private creditors (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest in arrears on long-term debt is defined as interest payment due but not paid, on a cumulative basis. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest forgiven (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest forgiven is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was written off or forgiven in any given year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest rescheduled (capitalized) (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest rescheduled is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. (Interest capitalized is the interest that became part of the stock of debt due to a rescheduling operation.) Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest rescheduled, official (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest rescheduled is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organizations include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Interest rescheduled, private (current US$)

Longdefinition: Interest rescheduled is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Average maturity on new external debt commitments (years)

Longdefinition: Maturity is the number of years to original maturity date, which is the sum of grace and repayment periods. Grace period for principal is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. The repayment period is the period from the first to last repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the maturity for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity.


IndicatorName: Average maturity on new external debt commitments, official (years)

Longdefinition: Maturity is the number of years to original maturity date, which is the sum of grace and repayment periods. Grace period for principal is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. The repayment period is the period from the first to last repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the maturity for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from official creditors includes loans from international organizations (multilateral loans) and loans from governments (bilateral loans). Loans from international organization include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Government loans include loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies.


IndicatorName: Average maturity on new external debt commitments, private (years)

Longdefinition: Maturity is the number of years to original maturity date, which is the sum of grace and repayment periods. Grace period for principal is the period from the date of signature of the loan or the issue of the financial instrument to the first repayment of principal. The repayment period is the period from the first to last repayment of principal. To obtain the average, the maturity for all public and publicly guaranteed loans have been weighted by the amounts of the loans. Debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency.


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, bilateral (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Data show concessional and nonconcessional financial flows from official bilateral sources. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) defines concessional flows from bilateral donors as flows with a grant element of at least 25 percent; they are evaluated assuming a 10 percent nominal discount rate.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Net flows


IndicatorName: PPG, bilateral concessional (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 10 percent. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Bonds are debt instruments issued by public and publicly guaranteed or private debtors with durations of one year or longer. Bonds usually give the holder the unconditional right to fixed money income or contractually determined, variable money income.

Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, total (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net flows on external debt are disbursements on long-term external debt and IMF purchases minus principal repayments on long-term external debt and IMF repurchases up to 1984. Beginning in 1985 this line includes the change in stock of short-term debt (including interest arrears for long-term debt). Thus, if the change in stock is positive, a disbursement is assumed to have taken place; if negative, a repayment is assumed to have taken place. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, long-term (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed long-term debt are aggregated. Public debt is an external obligation of a public debtor, including the national government, a political subdivision (or an agency of either), and autonomous public bodies. Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, short-term (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.