sourceNote: Percentage of adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

Source: OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)

Topic: Learning Outcomes

value: Education Statistics


Shortdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

sourceOrganization: OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)

name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed the ICT Core Test

Longdefinition: Adults in this category had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page, needed to take the computer-based assessment. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Adults in this category had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page, needed to take the computer-based assessment. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed the ICT Core Test


sourceNote: Adults in this category had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page, needed to take the computer-based assessment. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses the basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience

Longdefinition: Adults in this category reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Adults in this category reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience


sourceNote: Adults in this category reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment

Longdefinition: Adults in this category opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Adults in this category opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment


sourceNote: Adults in this category opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They also did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 5th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 5th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 10th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 10th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 25th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 25th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 50th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 50th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 75th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 75th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 90th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 90th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 95th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Scores: 95th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The use of tools (e.g. a sort function) is required to make progress towards the solution. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, and the criteria to be met may or may not be explicit. There are typically high monitoring demands. Unexpected outcomes and impasses are likely to occur. The task may require evaluating the relevance and reliability of information in order to discard distractors. Integration and inferential reasoning may be needed to a large extent. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 241 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks are based on well-defined problems involving the use of only one function within a generic interface to meet one explicit criterion without any categorical or inferential reasoning, or transforming of information. Few steps are required and no sub-goal has to be generated. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Failed ICT Core Test


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. Therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience or failed the ICT core test


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who either 1) reported having no prior computer experience or 2) had prior computer experience but failed the ICT core test, which assesses basic ICT skills needed to take the computer-based assessment, such as the capacity to use a mouse or scroll through a web page. This group of adults did not take part in the computer-based assessment and instead took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). No computer experience


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who reported having no prior computer experience; therefore, they did not take part in the computer-based assessment but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Opted out of computer-based assessment


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults who opted to take the paper-based assessment without first taking the ICT core assessment, even if they reported some prior experience with computers. They did not take part in the computer-based assessment, but took the paper-based version of the assessment, which does not include the problem solving in technology-rich environment domain. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIRLS: Mean performance on the reading scale for fourth grade students. Total

Longdefinition: Mean performance on the reading scale for fourth grade students. Total is the average scale score for fourth graders on the PIRLS reading assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/

Source: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)

name: PIRLS: Mean performance on the reading scale, total

value: Education


Shortdefinition: Mean performance on the reading scale for fourth grade students. Total is the average scale score for fourth graders on the PIRLS reading assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/

sourceOrganization: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)


sourceNote: Mean performance on the reading scale for fourth grade students. Total is the average scale score for fourth graders on the PIRLS reading assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIRLS: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)

Longdefinition: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of fourth grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


Shortdefinition: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of fourth grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/

name: PIRLS: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)


sourceNote: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of fourth grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIRLS: Female 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)

Longdefinition: Female 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of female 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


Shortdefinition: Female 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of female 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/

name: PIRLS: Female 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)


sourceNote: Female 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of female 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIRLS: Male 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)

Longdefinition: Male 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of male 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/


Shortdefinition: Male 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%) is the share of male 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the reading assessment. When reading Literary Texts, students at the advanced international benchmarking level can: A) Integrate ideas and evidence across a text to appreciate overall themes, and B) Interpret story events and character actions to provide reasons, motivations, feelings, and character traits with full text-based support. When reading Informational Texts, students at the advanced international benchmark can A) Distinguish and interpret complex information from different parts of text, and provide full text-based support, B) Integrate information across a text to provide explanations, interpret significance, and sequence activities, and C) Evaluate visual and textual features to explain their function. The procedure for identifying International Benchmarks changed from the PIRLS 2001 method of using percentiles to a method based on scores that do not change from PIRLS cycle to cycle. In PIRLS 2001, the Advanced benchmark was called the "Top 10% Benchmark" (90th percentile score), which corresponded to a scale score of 615. The 2001 data in this database were recalculated based on a 625 Advanced Benchmark score and are different than the data found in the 2001 PIRLS report. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PIRLS website for more detailed information: http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/

name: PIRLS: Male 4th grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark in reading achievement (%)