sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

Source: OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)

Topic: Learning Outcomes

value: Education Statistics


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

sourceOrganization: OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)

name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of female adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of female adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Mean Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Male

Longdefinition: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Mean Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Male


sourceNote: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of male adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of male adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 5th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 5th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 10th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 10th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 25th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 25th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 50th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 50th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 75th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 75th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 90th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 90th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 95th Percentile Score

Longdefinition: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 95th Percentile Score


sourceNote: The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Total

Longdefinition: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Total


sourceNote: Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Female


name: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Female


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Male


name: PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Male


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1

Longdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 1


sourceNote: Percentage of adults scoring 241 to less than 291 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of widely available and familiar technology applications, such as e-mail software or a web browser. There is little or no navigation required to access the information or commands required to solve the problem. The tasks involve few steps and a minimal number of operators. Only simple forms of reasoning, such as assigning items to categories, are required; there is no need to contrast or integrate information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2

Longdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


Shortdefinition: Percentage of adults scoring 291 to less than 341 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks typically require the use of both generic and more specific technology applications. For instance, the respondent may have to make use of a novel online form. Some navigation across pages and applications is required to solve the problem. The task may involve multiple steps and operators. The goal of the problem may have to be defined by the respondent, though the criteria to be met are explicit. There are higher monitoring demands. Some unexpected outcomes or impasses may appear. The task may require evaluating the relevance of a set of items to discard distractors. Some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

name: PIAAC: Adults by proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments (%). Level 2