IndicatorName: Current expenditure, total (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Total current expenditure includes requited payments other than for capital assets or for goods or services to be used in the production of capital assets, and unrequited payments for purposes other than permitting the recipients to acquire capital assets, compensating the recipients for damage or destruction of capital assets, or increasing the financial capital of the recipients.  Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


Periodicity: Annual

Source: World Bank country economists.

Topic: Public Sector: Government finance: Expense

Shortdefinition: Total current expenditure includes requited payments other than for capital assets or for goods or services to be used in the production of capital assets, and unrequited payments for purposes other than permitting the recipients to acquire capital assets, compensating the recipients for damage or destruction of capital assets, or increasing the financial capital of the recipients.  Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.

name: Current expenditure, total (current LCU)

value: Africa Development Indicators

sourceOrganization: World Bank country economists.


sourceNote: Total current expenditure includes requited payments other than for capital assets or for goods or services to be used in the production of capital assets, and unrequited payments for purposes other than permitting the recipients to acquire capital assets, compensating the recipients for damage or destruction of capital assets, or increasing the financial capital of the recipients.  Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


Other current transfers (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Other current transfers (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Other current transfers include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises. Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Other current transfers include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises. Data are in current local currency.


sourceNote: Other current transfers include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises. Data are in current local currency.


Wages and salaries (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Wages and salaries (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Wages and salaries consist of all payments in cash, but not in kind, to employees in return for services rendered, before deduction of withholding taxes and employees  contributions to social security and pension funds. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Wages and salaries consist of all payments in cash, but not in kind, to employees in return for services rendered, before deduction of withholding taxes and employees  contributions to social security and pension funds. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


sourceNote: Wages and salaries consist of all payments in cash, but not in kind, to employees in return for services rendered, before deduction of withholding taxes and employees  contributions to social security and pension funds. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


Defense expenditure (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Defense expenditure (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Defense expenditures for NATO countries are based on the NATO definition, which covers military-related expenditures of the defense ministry (including recruiting, training, construction, and the purchase of military supplies and equipment) and other ministries. Civilian-type expenditures of the defense ministry are excluded. Military assistance is included in the expenditures of the donor country, and purchases of military equipment on credit are included at the time the debt is incurred, not at the time of payment. Data for other countries generally cover expenditures of the ministry of defense (excluded are expenditures on public order and safety, which are classified separately). Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Defense expenditures for NATO countries are based on the NATO definition, which covers military-related expenditures of the defense ministry (including recruiting, training, construction, and the purchase of military supplies and equipment) and other ministries. Civilian-type expenditures of the defense ministry are excluded. Military assistance is included in the expenditures of the donor country, and purchases of military equipment on credit are included at the time the debt is incurred, not at the time of payment. Data for other countries generally cover expenditures of the ministry of defense (excluded are expenditures on public order and safety, which are classified separately). Data are in current local currency.


sourceNote: Defense expenditures for NATO countries are based on the NATO definition, which covers military-related expenditures of the defense ministry (including recruiting, training, construction, and the purchase of military supplies and equipment) and other ministries. Civilian-type expenditures of the defense ministry are excluded. Military assistance is included in the expenditures of the donor country, and purchases of military equipment on credit are included at the time the debt is incurred, not at the time of payment. Data for other countries generally cover expenditures of the ministry of defense (excluded are expenditures on public order and safety, which are classified separately). Data are in current local currency.


IndicatorName: Total expenditure and net lending (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Total expenditure and net lending includes both current and capital (development) expenditures and includes lending minus repayments. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Total expenditure and net lending includes both current and capital (development) expenditures and includes lending minus repayments. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.

name: Total expenditure and net lending (current LCU)


sourceNote: Total expenditure and net lending includes both current and capital (development) expenditures and includes lending minus repayments. Data are shown for central government only.  Data are in current local currency.


IndicatorName: Total capital expenditure and net lending (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Expenditure for acquisition of land, intangible assets, government   stocks, and nonmilitary and nonfinancial assets; also for capital  grants and lending minus repayments. Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Expenditure for acquisition of land, intangible assets, government   stocks, and nonmilitary and nonfinancial assets; also for capital  grants and lending minus repayments. Data are in current local currency.

name: Total capital expenditure and net lending (current LCU)


sourceNote: Expenditure for acquisition of land, intangible assets, government   stocks, and nonmilitary and nonfinancial assets; also for capital  grants and lending minus repayments. Data are in current local currency.


Budgetary investment (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Budgetary investment (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Budgetary investment.  Data are in current local currency.

Source: World Bank country economists

sourceOrganization: World Bank country economists


Shortdefinition: Budgetary investment.  Data are in current local currency.


sourceNote: Budgetary investment.  Data are in current local currency.


Capital transfers (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Capital transfers (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Capital transfers. Data are in current local currency.


Shortdefinition: Capital transfers. Data are in current local currency.


sourceNote: Capital transfers. Data are in current local currency.


IndicatorName: Fiscal balance, cash surplus/deficit (current US$)

Longdefinition: Cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the 1986 GFS manual nonfinancial assets were included under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus repayments, which are now a financing item under net acquisition of financial assets).

Source: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files.

Topic: Public Sector: Government finance: Deficit & financing


Shortdefinition: Cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the 1986 GFS manual nonfinancial assets were included under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus repayments, which are now a financing item under net acquisition of financial assets).

name: Fiscal balance, cash surplus/deficit (current US$)

sourceOrganization: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files.


sourceNote: Cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the 1986 GFS manual nonfinancial assets were included under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus repayments, which are now a financing item under net acquisition of financial assets).


Grants and other revenue (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Grants and other revenue (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Grants and other revenue include grants from other foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; interest; dividends; rent; requited, nonrepayable receipts for public purposes (such as fines, administrative fees, and entrepreneurial income from government ownership of property); and voluntary, unrequited, nonrepayable receipts other than grants.

Topic: Public Sector: Government finance: Revenue

value: World Development Indicators

value: Public Sector


Shortdefinition: Grants and other revenue include grants from other foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; interest; dividends; rent; requited, nonrepayable receipts for public purposes (such as fines, administrative fees, and entrepreneurial income from government ownership of property); and voluntary, unrequited, nonrepayable receipts other than grants.


sourceNote: Grants and other revenue include grants from other foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; interest; dividends; rent; requited, nonrepayable receipts for public purposes (such as fines, administrative fees, and entrepreneurial income from government ownership of property); and voluntary, unrequited, nonrepayable receipts other than grants.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


Grants and other revenue (% of revenue)

IndicatorName: Grants and other revenue (% of revenue)

Aggregationmethod: Median


Social contributions (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Social contributions (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Social contributions include social security contributions by employees, employers, and self-employed individuals, and other contributions whose source cannot be determined. They also include actual or imputed contributions to social insurance schemes operated by governments.


Shortdefinition: Social contributions include social security contributions by employees, employers, and self-employed individuals, and other contributions whose source cannot be determined. They also include actual or imputed contributions to social insurance schemes operated by governments.


sourceNote: Social contributions include social security contributions by employees, employers, and self-employed individuals, and other contributions whose source cannot be determined. They also include actual or imputed contributions to social insurance schemes operated by governments.


Social contributions (% of revenue)

IndicatorName: Social contributions (% of revenue)


Total revenue (current US$)

IndicatorName: Total revenue (current US$)

Longdefinition: Current revenue includes all revenue from taxes and nonrepayable receipts (other than grants) from the sale of land, intangible assets, government stocks or fixed capital assets, or from capital transfers from nongovernmental sources. It also includes inheritance taxes and nonrecurrent levies on capital. Data are in current US dollar.


Shortdefinition: Current revenue includes all revenue from taxes and nonrepayable receipts (other than grants) from the sale of land, intangible assets, government stocks or fixed capital assets, or from capital transfers from nongovernmental sources. It also includes inheritance taxes and nonrecurrent levies on capital. Data are in current US dollar.


sourceNote: Current revenue includes all revenue from taxes and nonrepayable receipts (other than grants) from the sale of land, intangible assets, government stocks or fixed capital assets, or from capital transfers from nongovernmental sources. It also includes inheritance taxes and nonrecurrent levies on capital. Data are in current US dollar.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


Total revenue (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Total revenue (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Current revenue includes all revenue from taxes and nonrepayable receipts (other than grants) from the sale of land, intangible assets, government stocks or fixed capital assets, or from capital transfers from nongovernmental sources. It also includes inheritance taxes and nonrecurrent levies on capital. Data are in current local currency.

sourceNote: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue.


Shortdefinition: Current revenue includes all revenue from taxes and nonrepayable receipts (other than grants) from the sale of land, intangible assets, government stocks or fixed capital assets, or from capital transfers from nongovernmental sources. It also includes inheritance taxes and nonrecurrent levies on capital. Data are in current local currency.


Revenue, excluding grants (current US$)

IndicatorName: Revenue, excluding grants (current US$)

Longdefinition: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.  Data are in current US dollar.


Shortdefinition: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.  Data are in current US dollar.


sourceNote: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.  Data are in current US dollar.


Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.


Shortdefinition: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.


sourceNote: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.


Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)

IndicatorName: Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)

Source: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.

Aggregationmethod: Weighted average

value: Economy & Growth


sourceOrganization: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.


Taxes on exports (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Taxes on exports (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Taxes on exports are all levies on goods being transported out of the country or services being delivered to nonresidents by residents. Rebates on exported goods that are repayments of previously paid general consumption taxes, excise taxes, or import duties are deducted from the gross amounts receivable from these taxes, not from amounts receivable from export taxes.


Shortdefinition: Taxes on exports are all levies on goods being transported out of the country or services being delivered to nonresidents by residents. Rebates on exported goods that are repayments of previously paid general consumption taxes, excise taxes, or import duties are deducted from the gross amounts receivable from these taxes, not from amounts receivable from export taxes.


sourceNote: Taxes on exports are all levies on goods being transported out of the country or services being delivered to nonresidents by residents. Rebates on exported goods that are repayments of previously paid general consumption taxes, excise taxes, or import duties are deducted from the gross amounts receivable from these taxes, not from amounts receivable from export taxes.


Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue)

IndicatorName: Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue)

value: Trade


IndicatorName: Taxes on goods and services (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies.


Shortdefinition: Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies.

name: Taxes on goods and services (current LCU)


sourceNote: Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies.


IndicatorName: Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue)


name: Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue)


IndicatorName: Taxes on goods and services (% value added of industry and services)

Source: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD value added estimates.


name: Taxes on goods and services (% value added of industry and services)

sourceOrganization: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD value added estimates.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Customs and other import duties (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Customs and other import duties are all levies collected on goods that are entering the country or services delivered by nonresidents to residents. They include levies imposed for revenue or protection purposes and determined on a specific or ad valorem basis as long as they are restricted to imported goods or services.


Shortdefinition: Customs and other import duties are all levies collected on goods that are entering the country or services delivered by nonresidents to residents. They include levies imposed for revenue or protection purposes and determined on a specific or ad valorem basis as long as they are restricted to imported goods or services.

name: Customs and other import duties (current LCU)


sourceNote: Customs and other import duties are all levies collected on goods that are entering the country or services delivered by nonresidents to residents. They include levies imposed for revenue or protection purposes and determined on a specific or ad valorem basis as long as they are restricted to imported goods or services.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue)

name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Taxes on international trade (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes.


Shortdefinition: Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes.

name: Taxes on international trade (current LCU)


sourceNote: Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes.


IndicatorName: Taxes on international trade (% of revenue)


name: Taxes on international trade (% of revenue)


Other taxes (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Other taxes (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Other taxes include employer payroll or labor taxes, taxes on property, and taxes not allocable to other categories, such as penalties for late payment or nonpayment of taxes.


Shortdefinition: Other taxes include employer payroll or labor taxes, taxes on property, and taxes not allocable to other categories, such as penalties for late payment or nonpayment of taxes.


sourceNote: Other taxes include employer payroll or labor taxes, taxes on property, and taxes not allocable to other categories, such as penalties for late payment or nonpayment of taxes.


Other taxes (% of revenue)

IndicatorName: Other taxes (% of revenue)


Tax revenue (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Tax revenue (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.


Shortdefinition: Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.


sourceNote: Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.


Tax revenue (% of GDP)

IndicatorName: Tax revenue (% of GDP)


IndicatorName: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation.


Shortdefinition: Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation.

name: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (current LCU)


sourceNote: Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue)


name: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes)


name: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


Compensation of employees (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Compensation of employees (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.


Shortdefinition: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.


sourceNote: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Compensation of employees (% of expense)


name: Compensation of employees (% of expense)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Goods and services expense (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account capital formation is excluded.


Shortdefinition: Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account capital formation is excluded.

name: Goods and services expense (current LCU)


sourceNote: Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account capital formation is excluded.


IndicatorName: Goods and services expense (% of expense)


name: Goods and services expense (% of expense)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


Interest payments (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Interest payments (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents.


Shortdefinition: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents.


sourceNote: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents.


Interest payments (% of revenue)

IndicatorName: Interest payments (% of revenue)


Interest payments (% of expense)

IndicatorName: Interest payments (% of expense)


Other expense (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Other expense (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Other expense is spending on dividends, rent, and other miscellaneous expenses, including provision for consumption of fixed capital.


Shortdefinition: Other expense is spending on dividends, rent, and other miscellaneous expenses, including provision for consumption of fixed capital.


sourceNote: Other expense is spending on dividends, rent, and other miscellaneous expenses, including provision for consumption of fixed capital.


Other expense (% of expense)

IndicatorName: Other expense (% of expense)


Expense (current US$)

IndicatorName: Expense (current US$)

Longdefinition: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Data in US dollars.

sourceNote: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Data in US dollars.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


Expense (current LCU)

IndicatorName: Expense (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.


Shortdefinition: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.


sourceNote: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


Expense (% of GDP)

IndicatorName: Expense (% of GDP)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Subsidies and other transfers (current LCU)

Longdefinition: Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.


Shortdefinition: Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.

name: Subsidies and other transfers (current LCU)


sourceNote: Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)


name: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


10th pillar: Market size

IndicatorName: 10th pillar: Market size

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Domestic market size index  (b) Foreign market size index.

Source: The Global Competitiveness Report: various issues (http://gcr.weforum.org/).

Topic: Public Sector: Policy & institutions

Generalcomments: Two types of data are used in the GCI: (a) Survey data:These data are the results drawn from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. (b) Hard data: These data come from indicators obtained from a variety of sources.


Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Domestic market size index  (b) Foreign market size index.

sourceOrganization: The Global Competitiveness Report: various issues (http://gcr.weforum.org/).


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Domestic market size index  (b) Foreign market size index.


11th pillar: Business sophistication

IndicatorName: 11th pillar: Business sophistication

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Local supplier quantity (b) Local supplier quality (c) State of cluster development (d) Nature of competitive advantage (e) Value chain breadth (f)  Control of international distribution (g) Production process sophistication (h) Extent of marketing and (i) Willingness to delegate authority.


Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Local supplier quantity (b) Local supplier quality (c) State of cluster development (d) Nature of competitive advantage (e) Value chain breadth (f)  Control of international distribution (g) Production process sophistication (h) Extent of marketing and (i) Willingness to delegate authority.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Local supplier quantity (b) Local supplier quality (c) State of cluster development (d) Nature of competitive advantage (e) Value chain breadth (f)  Control of international distribution (g) Production process sophistication (h) Extent of marketing and (i) Willingness to delegate authority.


12th pillar: Innovation

IndicatorName: 12th pillar: Innovation

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Capacity for innovation (b) Quality of scientific research institutions (c) Company spending on R&D (d) University-industry collaboration in R&D (e) Gov’t procurement of advanced tech product (f) Availability of scientist and engineers and (g) Utility patents per million population.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Capacity for innovation (b) Quality of scientific research institutions (c) Company spending on Research & Development (d) University-industry collaboration in R&D (e) Government procurement of advanced tech product (f) Availability of scientist and engineers and (g) Utility patents per million population.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Capacity for innovation (b) Quality of scientific research institutions (c) Company spending on R&D (d) University-industry collaboration in R&D (e) Gov’t procurement of advanced tech product (f) Availability of scientist and engineers and (g) Utility patents per million population.


1st pillar: Institutions

IndicatorName: 1st pillar: Institutions

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Property rights (b) Intellectual property protection (c) Diversion of public funds (d) Public trust of politicians (e) Irregular payments and bribes (f) Judicial independence (g) Favoritism in decisions of government officials (h) Wastefulness of government officials (i) Burden of government regulation (j) Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes (k) Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations (l) Transparency of government policymaking (m) Business costs of terrorism (n) Business costs of crime and violence (o) Organized crime (p) Reliability of police services (q) Ethical behavior of firms (r) Strength of auditing and reporting standards (s) Efficacy of corporate boards (t) Protection of minority shareholders interests and (u) Strength of investor protection.


Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Property rights (b) Intellectual property protection (c) Diversion of public funds (d) Public trust of politicians (e) Irregular payments and bribes (f) Judicial independence (g) Favoritism in decisions of government officials (h) Wastefulness of government officials (i) Burden of government regulation (j) Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes (k) Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations (l) Transparency of government policymaking (m) Business costs of terrorism (n) Business costs of crime and violence (o) Organized crime (p) Reliability of police services (q) Ethical behavior of firms (r) Strength of auditing and reporting standards (s) Efficacy of corporate boards (t) Protection of minority shareholders interests and (u) Strength of investor protection.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators:  (a) Property rights (b) Intellectual property protection (c) Diversion of public funds (d) Public trust of politicians (e) Irregular payments and bribes (f) Judicial independence (g) Favoritism in decisions of government officials (h) Wastefulness of government officials (i) Burden of government regulation (j) Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes (k) Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations (l) Transparency of government policymaking (m) Business costs of terrorism (n) Business costs of crime and violence (o) Organized crime (p) Reliability of police services (q) Ethical behavior of firms (r) Strength of auditing and reporting standards (s) Efficacy of corporate boards (t) Protection of minority shareholders interests and (u) Strength of investor protection.


2nd pillar: Infrastructure

IndicatorName: 2nd pillar: Infrastructure

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Quality of overall infrastructure (b) Quality of roads (c) Quality of railroad infrastructure (d) Quality of port infrastructure (e) Quality of air transport infrastructure (f) Available airline seat kilometers (g) Quality of electricity supply (h) Fixed telephone lines and (i) Mobile telephone subscriptions.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Quality of overall infrastructure (b) Quality of roads (c) Quality of railroad infrastructure (d) Quality of port infrastructure (e) Quality of air transport infrastructure (f) Available airline seat kilometers (g) Quality of electricity supply (h) Fixed telephone lines and (i) Mobile telephone subscriptions.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Quality of overall infrastructure (b) Quality of roads (c) Quality of railroad infrastructure (d) Quality of port infrastructure (e) Quality of air transport infrastructure (f) Available airline seat kilometers (g) Quality of electricity supply (h) Fixed telephone lines and (i) Mobile telephone subscriptions.


3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability

IndicatorName: 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Government budget balance (b) National savings rate (c) Inflation (d) Interest rate spread (e) Government debt and (f) Country credit rating.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Government budget balance (b) National savings rate (c) Inflation (d) Interest rate spread (e) Government debt and (f) Country credit rating.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Government budget balance (b) National savings rate (c) Inflation (d) Interest rate spread (e) Government debt and (f) Country credit rating.


4th pllar: Health and primary education

IndicatorName: 4th pllar: Health and primary education

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Business impact of malaria (b) Malaria incidence (c) Business impact of tuberculosis (d) Tuberculosis incidence (e) Business impact of HIV/AIDS (f) HIV prevalence (g) Infant mortality (h) Life expectancy (i) Quality of primary education and (j) Primary education enrollment rate.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Business impact of malaria (b) Malaria incidence (c) Business impact of tuberculosis (d) Tuberculosis incidence (e) Business impact of HIV/AIDS (f) HIV prevalence (g) Infant mortality (h) Life expectancy (i) Quality of primary education and (j) Primary education enrollment rate.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Business impact of malaria (b) Malaria incidence (c) Business impact of tuberculosis (d) Tuberculosis incidence (e) Business impact of HIV/AIDS (f) HIV prevalence (g) Infant mortality (h) Life expectancy (i) Quality of primary education and (j) Primary education enrollment rate.


IndicatorName: 5th pillar: Higher education and training

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Secondary enrollment (b) Tertiary enrollment (c) Quality of the educational system  (d) Quality of math and science education (e) Quality of management schools (f) Internet access in schools (g) Local availibity of research and training services and (h) Extent of staff training.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Secondary enrollment (b) Tertiary enrollment (c) Quality of the educational system  (d) Quality of math and science education (e) Quality of management schools (f) Internet access in schools (g) Local availability of research and training services and (h) Extent of staff training.


name: 5th pillar: Higher education and training

sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Secondary enrollment (b) Tertiary enrollment (c) Quality of the educational system  (d) Quality of math and science education (e) Quality of management schools (f) Internet access in schools (g) Local availibity of research and training services and (h) Extent of staff training.


6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

IndicatorName: 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Intensity of local competition (b) Extent of market dominance (c) Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy (d) Extent and effect of taxation (e) Total tax rate  (f) Number of procedures required to start a business (g) Time required to start a business (h) Agricultural policy costs (i) Prevalence of trade barriers (j) Trade tariffs (k) Prevalence of foreign ownership (l) Business impact of rules on FDI (m) Burden of customs procedures (n) Degree of customer orientation and (o) Buyer sophistication.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Intensity of local competition (b) Extent of market dominance (c) Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy (d) Extent and effect of taxation (e) Total tax rate  (f) Number of procedures required to start a business (g) Time required to start a business (h) Agricultural policy costs (i) Prevalence of trade barriers (j) Trade tariffs (k) Prevalence of foreign ownership (l) Business impact of rules on FDI (m) Burden of customs procedures (n) Degree of customer orientation and (o) Buyer sophistication.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Intensity of local competition (b) Extent of market dominance (c) Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy (d) Extent and effect of taxation (e) Total tax rate  (f) Number of procedures required to start a business (g) Time required to start a business (h) Agricultural policy costs (i) Prevalence of trade barriers (j) Trade tariffs (k) Prevalence of foreign ownership (l) Business impact of rules on FDI (m) Burden of customs procedures (n) Degree of customer orientation and (o) Buyer sophistication.


7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

IndicatorName: 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Cooperation in labor-employer relations (b) Flexibility of wage determination (c) Rigidity of employment (d) Hiring and firing practices (e) Firing costs  (f) Pay and productivity (g) Reliance on professional management (g) Brain drain and (h) Female participation in labor force.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Cooperation in labor-employer relations (b) Flexibility of wage determination (c) Rigidity of employment (d) Hiring and firing practices (e) Firing costs  (f) Pay and productivity (g) Reliance on professional management (g) Brain drain and (h) Female participation in labor force.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Cooperation in labor-employer relations (b) Flexibility of wage determination (c) Rigidity of employment (d) Hiring and firing practices (e) Firing costs  (f) Pay and productivity (g) Reliance on professional management (g) Brain drain and (h) Female participation in labor force.


IndicatorName: 8th pillar: Financial market sophistication

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Availability of financial services (b) Affordability of financial services  (c) Financing through local equity market (d) Ease of access to loans (e) Venture capital availability  (f) Restriction on capital flows (g) Soundness of banks (h) Regulation of securities exchanges and (i) Legal rights index.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Availability of financial services (b) Affordability of financial services  (c) Financing through local equity market (d) Ease of access to loans (e) Venture capital availability  (f) Restriction on capital flows (g) Soundness of banks (h) Regulation of securities exchanges and (i) Legal rights index.


name: 8th pillar: Financial market sophistication

sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Availability of financial services (b) Affordability of financial services  (c) Financing through local equity market (d) Ease of access to loans (e) Venture capital availability  (f) Restriction on capital flows (g) Soundness of banks (h) Regulation of securities exchanges and (i) Legal rights index.


9th pillar: Techonological readiness

IndicatorName: 9th pillar: Techonological readiness

Longdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Availability of latest technologies (b) Firm-level technology absorption (c) FDI and technology transfer (d) Internet users  (f)Broadband Internet subscriptions and  (g) Internet bandwidth.

Shortdefinition: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: (a) Availability of latest technologies (b) Firm-level technology absorption (c) FDI and technology transfer (d) Internet users  (f) Broadband Internet subscriptions and  (g) Internet bandwidth.


sourceNote: This indicator is a derived from the following indicators: - (a) Availability of latest technologies (b) Firm-level technology absorption (c) FDI and technology transfer (d) Internet users  (f)Broadband Internet subscriptions and  (g) Internet bandwidth.


Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)

IndicatorName: Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)

Longdefinition: The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a highly comprehensive index, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness.  Competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country.


Shortdefinition: The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a highly comprehensive index, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness.  Competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country.


sourceNote: The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), a highly comprehensive index, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness.  Competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country.


IndicatorName: Innovation and sophistication factors (weighted index 11th pillar to 12 th pillar)

Longdefinition: The innovation and sophistication factors subindex includes the pillars (pillar 11 and 12) critical to countries in the innovation-driven stage.


Shortdefinition: The innovation and sophistication factors subindex includes the pillars (pillar 11 and 12) critical to countries in the innovation-driven stage.

name: Innovation and sophistication factors (weighted index 11th pillar to 12 th pillar)


sourceNote: The innovation and sophistication factors subindex includes the pillars (pillar 11 and 12) critical to countries in the innovation-driven stage.


IndicatorName: Basic requirements (weighted index 1st pillar to 4th pillar)

Longdefinition: The basic requirements subindex groups those pillars (pillar 1 to 4) most critical for countries in the factor-driven stage.


Shortdefinition: The basic requirements subindex groups those pillars (pillar 1 to 4) most critical for countries in the factor-driven stage.

name: Basic requirements (weighted index 1st pillar to 4th pillar)


sourceNote: The basic requirements subindex groups those pillars (pillar 1 to 4) most critical for countries in the factor-driven stage.


IndicatorName: Efficiency enhancers (weighted index 5th to 10th pillar)

Longdefinition: The efficiency enhancers subindex includes those pillars critical for countries in the efficiency-driven stage (pillar 5 to 10).


Shortdefinition: The efficiency enhancers subindex includes those pillars critical for countries in the efficiency-driven stage (pillar 5 to 10).

name: Efficiency enhancers (weighted index 5th to 10th pillar)


sourceNote: The efficiency enhancers subindex includes those pillars critical for countries in the efficiency-driven stage (pillar 5 to 10).


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


Global Competitive Index (GCI) rank

IndicatorName: Global Competitive Index (GCI) rank

sourceNote:
"This ranks each country for The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI).  The 2006–2007 rank is out of 125 countries.
  The 2007–2008 rank is out of 131 countries.  The 2008–2009 rank is out of 134 countries.  The 2009–2010 rank is out of 133 countries."


Longdefinition:
This ranks each country for The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI).  The 2006–2007 rank is out of 125 countries.
  The 2007–2008 rank is out of 131 countries.  The 2008–2009 rank is out of 134 countries.  The 2009–2010 rank is out of 133 countries.


Shortdefinition:
This ranks each country for The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI).  The 2006–2007 rank is out of 125 countries.
  The 2007–2008 rank is out of 131 countries.  The 2008–2009 rank is out of 134 countries.  The 2009–2010 rank is out of 133 countries.


Control of Corruption (estimate)

IndicatorName: Control of Corruption (estimate)

Longdefinition: Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.

Source: World Bank Institute.

sourceOrganization:
"World Bank Institute.
"


Shortdefinition: Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


sourceNote: Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


IndicatorName: Control of Corruption (number of surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.CONT.CO.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.CONT.CO.ES.

sourceOrganization: World Bank Institute.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.CONT.CO.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.CONT.CO.ES.

name: Control of Corruption (number of surveys/polls)


sourceNote: See definition GV.CONT.CO.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.CONT.CO.ES.


Government Effectiveness (estimate)

IndicatorName: Government Effectiveness (estimate)

Longdefinition: Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Shortdefinition: Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


sourceNote: Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


IndicatorName: Government Effectiveness (number of surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.GOVT.EF.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.GOVT.EF.ES.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.GOVT.EF.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.GOVT.EF.ES.

name: Government Effectiveness (number of surveys/polls)


sourceNote: See definition GV.GOVT.EF.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.GOVT.EF.ES.


IndicatorName: Political Stability/No Violence (estimate)

Longdefinition: Political stability and absence of violence measures the perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence or terrorism.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Shortdefinition: Political stability and absence of violence measures the perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence or terrorism.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.

name: Political Stability/No Violence (estimate)


sourceNote: Political stability and absence of violence measures the perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence or terrorism.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


IndicatorName: Political Stability/No Violence (number of surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.POL.ST.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.POL.ST.ES.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.POL.ST.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.POL.ST.ES.

name: Political Stability/No Violence (number of surveys/polls)


sourceNote: See definition GV.POL.ST.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.POL.ST.ES.


Regulatory Quality (estimate)

IndicatorName: Regulatory Quality (estimate)

Longdefinition: Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Shortdefinition: Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


sourceNote: Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


IndicatorName: Regulatory Quality (number of surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.REGL.LA.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.REGL.LA.ES.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.REGL.LA.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.REGL.LA.ES.

name: Regulatory Quality (number of surveys/polls)


sourceNote: See definition GV.REGL.LA.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.REGL.LA.ES.


Rule of Law (estimate)

IndicatorName: Rule of Law (estimate)

Longdefinition: Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Shortdefinition: Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


sourceNote: Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Rule of Law (number off surveys/polls)

IndicatorName: Rule of Law (number off surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.RULE.LW.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.RULE.LW.ES.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.RULE.LW.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.RULE.LW.ES.


sourceNote: See definition GV.RULE.LW.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.RULE.LW.ES.


Corruption Perceptions Index (rank)

IndicatorName: Corruption Perceptions Index (rank)

Longdefinition: This is the ranking from the annual Transparency International corruption perceptions index, which ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.  For more information on this indicator, please visit http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi the Transparency International page on the topic.


Shortdefinition: This is the ranking from the annual Transparency International corruption perceptions index, which ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.  For more information on this indicator, please visit http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi the Transparency International page on the topic.


sourceNote: This is the ranking from the annual Transparency International corruption perceptions index, which ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.  For more information on this indicator, please visit http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi the Transparency International page on the topic.


Corruption Perceptions Index (score)

IndicatorName: Corruption Perceptions Index (score)

Longdefinition: This information is from the http://www.transparency.org Transparency International web site.  More information may be available there.  CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).  Confidence range provides a range of possible values of the CPI score. This reflects how a country's score may vary, depending on measurement precision. Nominally, with 5 percent probability the score is above this range and with another 5 percent it is below. However, particularly when only few

sourceNote: This information is from the http://www.transparency.org Transparency International web site.  More information may be available there.  CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 0 (highly corrupt) and 10 (highly clean).  Data for 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index scores countries on a scale from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).  Confidence range provides a range of possible values of the CPI score. This reflects how a country's score may vary, depending on measurement precision. Nominally, with 5 percent probability the score is above this range and with another 5 percent it is below.

sourceOrganization: Transparency International


Shortdefinition: This information is from the http://www.transparency.org Transparency International web site.  More information may be available there.  CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).  Confidence range provides a range of possible values of the CPI score. This reflects how a country's score may vary, depending on measurement precision. Nominally, with 5 percent probability the score is above this range and with another 5 percent it is below. However, particularly when only few


Voice and Accountability (estimate)

IndicatorName: Voice and Accountability (estimate)

Longdefinition: Voice and accountability measures the extent to which a country’s citizens are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


Shortdefinition: Voice and accountability measures the extent to which a country’s citizens are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


sourceNote: Voice and accountability measures the extent to which a country’s citizens are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.  Further documentation and research using the World Governance Indicators (WGI) is available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance.


IndicatorName: Voice and Accountability (number of surveys/polls)

Longdefinition: See definition GV.VOIC.AC.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.VOIC.AC.ES.


Shortdefinition: See definition GV.VOIC.AC.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.VOIC.AC.ES.

name: Voice and Accountability (number of surveys/polls)


sourceNote: See definition GV.VOIC.AC.ES.  This is the number of surveys/polls used to derive the GV.VOIC.AC.ES.


Open Budget Index Overall Country Score

IndicatorName: Open Budget Index Overall Country Score

Longdefinition:
Open Budget Index scores countries from zero to 100, based on a subset of 91 questions from the questionnaire. These questions focus on the public availability of eight key budget documents (with a particular emphasis on the Executive’s Budget Proposal), and on the information they contain. A score of 81-100 indicates that a given country provides extensive information in its budget documents, a score of 61-80 indicates significant information, 41-60 indicates some  information, 21-40 indicates minimal information, and zero-20 indicates scant or no information.
The Open Budget Index rates countries on how open their budget books are to their citizens. The Index assesses the availability of key budget documents, the quantity of information they provide, and the timeliness of their dissemination to citizens in order to provide reliable information on each country’s commitment to open budgeting. It is intended to provide citizens, legislators, and civil society advocates with the comprehensive and practical information needed to gauge a government’s commitment to budget transparency and accountability. The Open Budget Index 2006 was calculated based on detailed questionnaires completed by local experts in 59 participating countries from every continent.  In 2008, based on inputs received from researchers and extensive in-house reviews, the International Budget Partnership (IBP) has made three changes in the methodology applied to its Open Budget Survey, which is the basis for the Open Budget Index (OBI). The first change concerns the timing of the release of the eight key budget documents assessed by the Survey. The second change is the inclusion of the enacted budget in calculating country scores for the OBI. The third change is based on comments received from experts from Brazil and Nigeria that resulted in revisions to the answers of a few questions used to assess these countries.


Shortdefinition:
Open Budget Index scores countries from zero to 100, based on a subset of 91 questions from the questionnaire. These questions focus on the public availability of eight key budget documents (with a particular emphasis on the Executive’s Budget Proposal), and on the information they contain. A score of 81-100 indicates that a given country provides extensive information in its budget documents, a score of 61-80 indicates significant information, 41-60 indicates some  information, 21-40 indicates minimal information, and zero-20 indicates scant or no information.
The Open Budget Index rates countries on how open their budget books are to their citizens. The Index assesses the availability of key budget documents, the quantity of information they provide, and the timeliness of their dissemination to citizens in order to provide reliable information on each country’s commitment to open budgeting. It is intended to provide citizens, legislators, and civil society advocates with the comprehensive and practical information needed to gauge a government’s commitment to budget transparency and accountability. The Open Budget Index 2006 was calculated based on detailed questionnaires completed by local experts in 59 participating countries from every continent.  In 2008, based on inputs received from researchers and extensive in-house reviews, the International Budget Partnership (IBP) has made three changes in the methodology applied to its Open Budget Survey, which is the basis for the Open Budget Index (OBI). The first change concerns the timing of the release of the eight key budget documents assessed by the Survey. The second change is the inclusion of the enacted budget in calculating country scores for the OBI. The third change is based on comments received from experts from Brazil and Nigeria that resulted in revisions to the answers of a few questions used to assess these countries.


sourceNote: Open Budget Index scores countries from zero to 100, based on a subset of 91 questions from the questionnaire. These questions focus on the public availability of eight key budget documents (with a particular emphasis on the Executive’s Budget Proposal), and on the information they contain. A score of 81-100 indicates that a given country provides extensive information in its budget documents, a score of 61-80 indicates significant information, 41-60 indicates some  information, 21-40 indicates minimal information, and zero-20 indicates scant or no information.


IndicatorName: Protecting investors, director liability index

Longdefinition: Director liability index measures a plaintiff’s ability to hold directors of firms liable for damages to the company, that is, measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain.  The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.

Source: World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).

Topic: Private Sector & Trade: Business environment


Shortdefinition: Director liability index measures a plaintiff’s ability to hold directors of firms liable for damages to the company, that is, measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain.  The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.

name: Protecting investors, director liability index

sourceOrganization: World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).


sourceNote: Director liability index measures a plaintiff’s ability to hold directors of firms liable for damages to the company, that is, measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain.  The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


IndicatorName: Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure)

Longdefinition: Disclosure index measures the extent to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher values indicating more disclosure.

Aggregationmethod: Unweighted average

sourceOrganization: World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

value: Private Sector


Shortdefinition: Disclosure index measures the extent to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher values indicating more disclosure.

name: Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure)

name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


sourceNote: Disclosure index measures the extent to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher values indicating more disclosure.


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations)

Longdefinition: Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with first place being the best. A high ranking means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators.

name: Ease of doing business rank (1=most business-friendly regulations)

sourceNote: Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 190, with first place being the best. The ranking of economies is determined by sorting the aggregate ease of doing business scores. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation.

value: Climate Change


Shortdefinition: Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with first place being the best. A high ranking means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators.


IndicatorName: Protecting investors, investor protection index

Longdefinition: Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.

name: Protecting investors, investor protection index


sourceNote: Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial information. For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


IndicatorName: Protecting investors, shareholder suits index

Longdefinition: Doing Business measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain. The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: Doing Business measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain. The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.

name: Protecting investors, shareholder suits index


sourceNote: Doing Business measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain. The indicators distinguish 3 dimensions of investor protection: transparency of transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index) and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate lawyers and are based on company laws, court rules of evidence and securities regulations.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Protecting investors (rank)

IndicatorName: Protecting investors (rank)

Longdefinition:
This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: disclosure Index
director liability index, shareholder suits index, and investor protection index, giving equal weight to each topic.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition:
This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: disclosure Index
director liability index, shareholder suits index, and investor protection index, giving equal weight to each topic.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


sourceNote: This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: disclosure Index


Closing a business, cost (% of estate)

IndicatorName: Closing a business, cost (% of estate)

Longdefinition: The cost of the proceedings is recorded as a percentage of the estate’s value. The cost is calculated on the basis of survey responses by insolvency practitioners and includes court fees as well as fees of insolvency practitioners, independent assessors, lawyers and accountants. Respondents provide cost estimates from among the following options: less than 2%, 2–5%, 5–8%, 8–11%, 11–18%, 18–25%, 25–33%, 33–50%, 50–75% and more than 75% of the value of the business estate.  This is the cost of the bankruptcy proceedings.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: The cost of the proceedings is recorded as a percentage of the estate’s value. The cost is calculated on the basis of survey responses by insolvency practitioners and includes court fees as well as fees of insolvency practitioners, independent assessors, lawyers and accountants. Respondents provide cost estimates from among the following options: less than 2%, 2–5%, 5–8%, 8–11%, 11–18%, 18–25%, 25–33%, 33–50%, 50–75% and more than 75% of the value of the business estate.  This is the cost of the bankruptcy proceedings.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


sourceNote: The cost of the proceedings is recorded as a percentage of the estate’s value. The cost is calculated on the basis of survey responses by insolvency practitioners and includes court fees as well as fees of insolvency practitioners, independent assessors, lawyers and accountants. Respondents provide cost estimates from among the following options: less than 2%, 2–5%, 5–8%, 8–11%, 11–18%, 18–25%, 25–33%, 33–50%, 50–75% and more than 75% of the value of the business estate.  This is the cost of the bankruptcy proceedings.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Closing a business, time (years)

IndicatorName: Closing a business, time (years)

Longdefinition: Time is recorded in calendar years. Information is collected on the sequence of procedures and on whether any procedures can be carried out simultaneously. Potential delay tactics by the parties, such as the filing of dilatory appeals or requests for extension, are taken into consideration.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: Time is recorded in calendar years. Information is collected on the sequence of procedures and on whether any procedures can be carried out simultaneously. Potential delay tactics by the parties, such as the filing of dilatory appeals or requests for extension, are taken into consideration.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


sourceNote: Time is recorded in calendar years. Information is collected on the sequence of procedures and on whether any procedures can be carried out simultaneously. Potential delay tactics by the parties, such as the filing of dilatory appeals or requests for extension, are taken into consideration.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


IndicatorName: Closing a business, recovery rate (cents on the dollar)

Longdefinition: The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recouped by creditors through the bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings. The calculation takes into account whether the business emerges from the proceedings as a going concern as well as costs and the loss in value due to the time spent closing down. If the business keeps operating, no value is lost on the initial claim, set at 100 cents on the dollar. If it does not, the initial 100 cents on the dollar are reduced to 70 cents on the dollar. Then the official costs of the insolvency procedure are deducted (1 cent for each percentage of the initial value). Finally, the value lost as a result of the time the money remains tied up in insolvency proceedings is taken into account, including the loss of value due to depreciation of the hotel furniture. Consistent with international accounting practice, the depreciation rate for furniture is taken to be 20%. The furniture is assumed to account for a quarter of the total value of assets. The recovery rate is the present value of the remaining proceeds, based on end-2006 lending rates from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics, supplemented with data from central banks.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recouped by creditors through the bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings. The calculation takes into account whether the business emerges from the proceedings as a going concern as well as costs and the loss in value due to the time spent closing down. If the business keeps operating, no value is lost on the initial claim, set at 100 cents on the dollar. If it does not, the initial 100 cents on the dollar are reduced to 70 cents on the dollar. Then the official costs of the insolvency procedure are deducted (1 cent for each percentage of the initial value). Finally, the value lost as a result of the time the money remains tied up in insolvency proceedings is taken into account, including the loss of value due to depreciation of the hotel furniture. Consistent with international accounting practice, the depreciation rate for furniture is taken to be 20%. The furniture is assumed to account for a quarter of the total value of assets. The recovery rate is the present value of the remaining proceeds, based on end-2006 lending rates from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics, supplemented with data from central banks.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.

name: Closing a business, recovery rate (cents on the dollar)


sourceNote: The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recouped by creditors through the bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings. The calculation takes into account whether the business emerges from the proceedings as a going concern as well as costs and the loss in value due to the time spent closing down. If the business keeps operating, no value is lost on the initial claim, set at 100 cents on the dollar. If it does not, the initial 100 cents on the dollar are reduced to 70 cents on the dollar. Then the official costs of the insolvency procedure are deducted (1 cent for each percentage of the initial value). Finally, the value lost as a result of the time the money remains tied up in insolvency proceedings is taken into account, including the loss of value due to depreciation of the hotel furniture. Consistent with international accounting practice, the depreciation rate for furniture is taken to be 20%. The furniture is assumed to account for a quarter of the total value of assets. The recovery rate is the present value of the remaining proceeds, based on end-2006 lending rates from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics, supplemented with data from central banks.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Closing a business (rank)

IndicatorName: Closing a business (rank)

Longdefinition: This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: time, cost (% of estate) and recovery rate (cents on the dollar), giving equal weight to each topic.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


Shortdefinition: This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: time, cost (% of estate) and recovery rate (cents on the dollar), giving equal weight to each topic.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


sourceNote: This index averages the country's percentile rankings on: time, cost (% of estate) and recovery rate (cents on the dollar), giving equal weight to each topic.  For more information, visit http://www.doingbusiness.org/MethodologySurveys/.


IndicatorName: Corruption (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint.

Source: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Corruption (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

sourceOrganization: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Crime (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Crime (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Electricity (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked electricity as a major or severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked electricity as a major or severe constraint.

name: Electricity (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked electricity as a major or severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Finance (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Finance (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Firms that share or own their own generator (% of firms)

Longdefinition: Firms that share or own their own generator is the percentage of firms that responded “Yes” to the following question: “Does your establishment own or share a generator?” .  For survey data collected in 2006 and 2007, this indicator is computed for the ma


Shortdefinition: Firms that share or own their own generator is the percentage of firms that responded “Yes” to the following question: “Does your establishment own or share a generator?” .  For survey data collected in 2006 and 2007, this indicator is computed for the ma

name: Firms that share or own their own generator (% of firms)


sourceNote: Firms that share or own their own generator is the percentage of firms that responded “Yes” to the following question: “Does your establishment own or share a generator?” .  For survey data collected in 2006 and 2007, this indicator is computed for the ma


Days to Obtain Import License

IndicatorName: Days to Obtain Import License

Longdefinition: The average wait, in days, experienced to obtain operating license from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.


Shortdefinition: The average wait, in days, experienced to obtain operating license from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.


sourceNote: The average wait, in days, experienced to obtain operating license from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.


IndicatorName: Practices Informal Sector (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked chose practices informal sector  as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked chose practices informal sector  as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Practices Informal Sector (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked chose practices informal sector  as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Access to Land (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to land as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to land as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Access to Land (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked access to land as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Labor regulations (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked labor regulations as a major or severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked labor regulations as a major or severe constraint.

name: Labor regulations (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked labor regulations as a major or severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Labor skills (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked skills of available workers as a major or severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked skills of available workers as a major or severe constraint.

name: Labor skills (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked skills of available workers as a major or severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Courts (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked courts and dispute resolution systems as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked courts and dispute resolution systems as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Courts (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked courts and dispute resolution systems as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Licenses & Permits (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked licenses and permits as a major or severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked licenses and permits as a major or severe constraint.

name: Licenses & Permits (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked licenses and permits as a major or severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, Vandalism, and Arson Against the Firm (% of Sales)

Longdefinition: Estimated losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson that occurred on establishment’s premises calculated as a percentage of annual sales.


Shortdefinition: Estimated losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson that occurred on establishment’s premises calculated as a percentage of annual sales.

name: Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, Vandalism, and Arson Against the Firm (% of Sales)


sourceNote: Estimated losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson that occurred on establishment’s premises calculated as a percentage of annual sales.


IndicatorName: Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit

Longdefinition: Average wait, in days, experienced to obtain construction-related permit from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.


Shortdefinition: Average wait, in days, experienced to obtain construction-related permit from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.

name: Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit


sourceNote: Average wait, in days, experienced to obtain construction-related permit from the day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria


IndicatorName: Policy uncertainty (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Policy uncertainty (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Tax Administration (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax administration as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Tax administration (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax administration as a major or very severe constraint.


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax administration as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Tax rates (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax rates as a major or very severe constraint.


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax rates as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Tax rates (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked tax rates as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Customs & Trade Regulations (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked customs and trade regulations as a major or very severe constraint.

name: Customs & trade regulations (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)


Shortdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked customs and trade regulations as a major or very severe constraint.


sourceNote: Is the share of senior managers who ranked customs and trade regulations as a major or very severe constraint.


IndicatorName: Transportation (% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major constraint)

Longdefinition: Is the share of senior managers who ranked transport as a major or very severe constraint.