IndicatorName: Control of Corruption: Number of Sources

Longdefinition: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests. Number of sources indicates the number of underlying data sources on which the aggregate estimate is based.


Periodicity: Annual

Source: Detailed documentation of the WGI, interactive tools for exploring the data, and full access to the underlying source data available at www.govindicators.org.The WGI are produced by Daniel Kaufmann (Natural Resource Governance Institute and Brookings Institution) and Aart Kraay (World Bank Development Research Group).  Please cite Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi (2010).  "The Worldwide Governance Indicators:  Methodology and Analytical Issues".  World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682130).  The WGI do not reflect the official views of the Natural Resource Governance Institute, the Brookings Institution, the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.

Topic: Public Sector: Policy & institutions

License_Type: CC BY-4.0

Othernotes: The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a research dataset summarizing the views on the quality of governance provided by a large number of enterprise, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries. These data are gathered from a number of survey institutes, think tanks, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and private sector firms. The WGI do not reflect the official views of the Natural Resource Governance Institute, the Brookings Institution, the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. The WGI are not used by the World Bank Group to allocate resources.

Relatedsourcelinks: Worldwide Governance Indicators website (https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/)

name: Control of Corruption: Number of Sources

value: World Development Indicators

sourceNote: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests. Number of sources indicates the number of underlying data sources on which the aggregate estimate is based.

sourceOrganization: Detailed documentation of the WGI, interactive tools for exploring the data, and full access to the underlying source data available at www.govindicators.org. The WGI are produced by Daniel Kaufmann (Natural Resource Governance Institute and Brookings Institution) and Aart Kraay (World Bank Development Research Group).  Please cite Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi (2010).  "The Worldwide Governance Indicators:  Methodology and Analytical Issues".  World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5430 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682130).  The WGI do not reflect the official views of the Natural Resource Governance Institute, the Brookings Institution, the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.

value: Public Sector


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank

IndicatorName: Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank

Longdefinition: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.


sourceNote: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank, Lower Bound of 90% Confidence Interval

Longdefinition: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.  Percentile Rank Lower refers to lower bound of 90 percent confidence interval for governance, expressed in percentile rank terms.


name: Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank, Lower Bound of 90% Confidence Interval

sourceNote: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.  Percentile Rank Lower refers to lower bound of 90 percent confidence interval for governance, expressed in percentile rank terms.


IndicatorName: Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank, Upper Bound of 90% Confidence Interval

Longdefinition: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.  Percentile Rank Upper refers to upper bound of 90 percent confidence interval for governance, expressed in percentile rank terms.


name: Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank, Upper Bound of 90% Confidence Interval

sourceNote: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.  Percentile rank indicates the country's rank among all countries covered by the aggregate indicator, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.  Percentile ranks have been adjusted to correct for changes over time in the composition of the countries covered by the WGI.  Percentile Rank Upper refers to upper bound of 90 percent confidence interval for governance, expressed in percentile rank terms.


Control of Corruption: Standard Error

IndicatorName: Control of Corruption: Standard Error

Longdefinition: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.   Standard error indicates the precision of the estimate of governance.  Larger values of the standard error indicate less precise estimates.  A 90 percent confidence interval for the governance estimate is given by the estimate +/- 1.64 times the standard error.


sourceNote: Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.   Standard error indicates the precision of the estimate of governance.  Larger values of the standard error indicate less precise estimates.  A 90 percent confidence interval for the governance estimate is given by the estimate +/- 1.64 times the standard error.


Developmentrelevance:
Stock market size can be measured in various ways, and each may produce a different ranking of countries.

The development of an economy's financial markets is closely related to its overall development. Well-functioning financial systems provide good and easily accessible information. That lowers transaction costs, which in turn improves resource allocation and boosts economic growth. Both banking systems and stock markets enhance growth, the main factor in poverty reduction. At low levels of economic development commercial banks tend to dominate the financial system, while at higher levels domestic stock markets tend to become more active and efficient relative to domestic banks.

Open economies with sound macroeconomic policies, good legal systems, and shareholder protection attract capital and therefore have larger financial markets. Recent research on stock market development shows that modern communications technology and increased financial integration have resulted in more cross-border capital flows, a stronger presence of financial firms around the world, and the migration of stock exchange activities to international exchanges. Many firms in emerging markets now cross-list on international exchanges, which provides them with lower cost capital and more liquidity-traded shares. However, this also means that exchanges in emerging markets may not have enough financial activity to sustain them, putting pressure on them to rethink their operations.

The S&P Global Equity Index Series covers approximately 11,000 securities from over 80 countries. It includes the S&P Global Broad Market Index (BMI), S&P Global 1200, S&P/IFCI, and S&P Frontier BMI. All indices are float-adjusted, market capitalization-weighted indices and include security classifications for country, size, style and industry.

The S&P Global Broad Market Index (BMI) is a global index suite with a transparent, modular structure that has been fully float adjusted since 1989. This index series employs a transparent and consistent methodology across all countries and includes approximately 10,000 stocks from 26 developed and 20 emerging markets.

The S&P Global 1200, a real-time, tradable global equity index covers approximately 70 percent of the world's market capitalization, giving a detail view of the world economy. It is a composite of seven headline regional indices: S&P 500®, S&P Europe 350, S&P TOPIX 150, S&P/TSX 60, S&P/ASX All Australian 50, S&P Asia 50 and S&P Latin America 40.

IndicatorName: S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change)

Limitationsandexceptions:
The percentage change in stock market prices in U.S. dollars for developing economies is from Standard & Poor's Global Equity Indices (S&P IFCI) and Standard & Poor's Frontier Broad Market Index (BMI). The percentage change for France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States is from local stock market prices.

The indicator is an important measure of overall performance. Regulatory and institutional factors that can affect investor confidence, such as entry and exit restrictions, the existence of a securities and exchange commission, and the quality of laws to protect investors, may influence the functioning of stock markets.

Because markets included in Standard & Poor's emerging markets category vary widely in level of development, it is best to look at the entire category to identify the most significant market trends. And it is useful to remember that stock market trends may be distorted by currency conversions, especially when a currency has registered a significant devaluation.

Longdefinition: S&P Global Equity Indices measure the U.S. dollar price change in the stock markets covered by the S&P/IFCI and S&P/Frontier BMI country indices.

Source: Standard & Poor's, Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&P data.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Ratios of end-of-period levels in U.S. dollars over previous end-of-period values in U.S. dollars times 100. These indexes are widely used benchmarks for international portfolio management.

Topic: Financial Sector: Capital markets

value: Financial Sector


name: S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change)

sourceNote: S&P Global Equity Indices measure the U.S. dollar price change in the stock markets covered by the S&P/IFCI and S&P/Frontier BMI country indices.

sourceOrganization: Standard & Poor's, Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&P data.


Developmentrelevance:
Stock market size can be measured in various ways, and each may produce a different ranking of countries.

The development of an economy's financial markets is closely related to its overall development. Well-functioning financial systems provide good and easily accessible information which can lower transaction costs and subsequently improve resource allocation and boosts economic growth. Both banking systems and stock markets enhance growth, the main factor in poverty reduction. At low levels of economic development commercial banks tend to dominate the financial system, while at higher levels domestic stock markets tend to become more active and efficient relative to domestic banks.

Open economies with sound macroeconomic policies, good legal systems, and shareholder protection attract capital and therefore have larger financial markets. Recent research on stock market development shows that modern communications technology and increased financial integration have resulted in more cross-border capital flows, a stronger presence of financial firms around the world, and the migration of stock exchange activities to international exchanges. Many firms in emerging markets now cross-list on international exchanges, which provides them with lower cost capital and more liquidity-traded shares. However, this also means that exchanges in emerging markets may not have enough financial activity to sustain them, putting pressure on them to rethink their operations.

IndicatorName: Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$)

Limitationsandexceptions: Data cover measures of size (market capitalization, number of listed domestic companies) and liquidity (value of shares traded as a percentage of gross domestic product, value of shares traded as a percentage of market capitalization). The comparability of such data across countries may be limited by conceptual and statistical weaknesses, such as inaccurate reporting and differences in accounting standards. Regional stock exchanges such as Euronext, Nasdaq Nordic and Baltics, and BRVM are not counted.

Longdefinition: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.

Source: World Federation of Exchanges database.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Market capitalization figures include: shares of listed domestic companies; shares of foreign companies which are exclusively listed on an exchange (i.e., the foreign company is not listed on any other exchange); common and preferred shares of domestic companies; and shares without voting rights. Market capitalization figures exclude: collective investment funds ; rights, warrants, ETFs, convertible instruments ; options, futures ; foreign listed shares other than exclusively listed ones; companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies, such as holding companies and investment companies, regardless of their legal status; and companies admitted to trading (i.e., companies whose shares are traded at the exchange but not listed at the exchange).

Aggregationmethod: Sum

Generalcomments: Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their "Global Stock Markets Factbook" and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

sourceOrganization: World Federation of Exchanges database.


name: Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$)

sourceNote: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.


IndicatorName: Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)

Longdefinition: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.

Aggregationmethod: Weighted average


name: Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)

sourceNote: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


Listed domestic companies, total

IndicatorName: Listed domestic companies, total

Limitationsandexceptions: Data cover measures of size (market capitalization, number of listed domestic companies) and liquidity (value of shares traded as a percentage of gross domestic product, value of shares traded as a percentage of market capitalization). The comparability of such data across countries may be limited by conceptual and statistical weaknesses, such as inaccurate reporting and differences in accounting standards.

Longdefinition: Listed domestic companies, including foreign companies which are exclusively listed, are those which have shares listed on an exchange at the end of the year. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies, such as holding companies and investment companies, regardless of their legal status, are excluded. A company with several classes of shares is counted once. Only companies admitted to listing on the exchange are included.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: A company is considered domestic when it is incorporated in the same country as where the exchange is located. The only exception is the case of foreign companies which are exclusively listed on an exchange (i.e., the foreign company is not listed on any other exchange as defined in the domestic market capitalization definition).


sourceNote: Listed domestic companies, including foreign companies which are exclusively listed, are those which have shares listed on an exchange at the end of the year. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies, such as holding companies and investment companies, regardless of their legal status, are excluded. A company with several classes of shares is counted once. Only companies admitted to listing on the exchange are included.


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Stocks traded, total value (current US$)

Limitationsandexceptions: Data cover measures of size (market capitalization, number of listed domestic companies) and liquidity (value of shares traded as a percentage of gross domestic product, value of shares traded as a percentage of market capitalization). The comparability of such data across countries may be limited by conceptual and statistical weaknesses, such as inaccurate reporting and differences in accounting standards. Only EOB trades are included in the total value of shares traded.

Longdefinition: The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: The value of shares traded represent the transfer of ownership effected automatically through the exchange's electronic order book (EOB), where orders placed by trading members are usually exposed to all market users and automatically matched according to precise rules set up by the exchange, generally on a price/time priority basis. For data before 2001, the WFE used two different approaches for the collection of trading data, depending on the individual stock exchange's market organization and rules. The first approach is the Trading System View (TSV). Stock exchanges adopting this view count only those transactions which pass through their trading system or trading floor. The TSV is generally adopted by exchanges which operate a centralized order book (order-driven market). Trades done by their members off the exchange are not included. The second approach is the Regulated Environment View (REV). Stock exchanges in this category include all transactions subject to supervision by the market authority, including transactions made by members, and sometimes non-members, on outside trading systems and transactions into foreign markets. Figures reported under the REV approach will be higher than those reported under the TSV approach.


name: Stocks traded, total value (current US$)

sourceNote: The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)

IndicatorName: Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)

Longdefinition: The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values.


sourceNote: The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values.


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Stocks traded, turnover ratio of domestic shares (%)

Limitationsandexceptions: Data cover measures of size (market capitalization, number of listed domestic companies) and liquidity (value of shares traded as a percentage of gross domestic product, value of shares traded as a percentage of market capitalization). The comparability of such data across countries may be limited by conceptual and statistical weaknesses, such as inaccurate reporting and differences in accounting standards. Only domestic shares are used in order to be consistent with domestic market capitalization.

Longdefinition: Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Turnover ratio is the value of electronic order book (EOB) domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12, according to the following formula: (Monthly EOB domestic shares traded / Month-end domestic market capitalization) x 12.


name: Stocks traded, turnover ratio of domestic shares (%)

sourceNote: Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Australia (current US$)

Limitationsandexceptions:
Data exclude DAC members’ multilateral aid (contributions to the regular budgets of the multilateral institutions). However, projects executed by multilateral institutions or nongovernmental organizations on behalf of DAC members are classified as bilateral aid (since the donor country effectively controls the use of the funds) and are included in the data.

Aid to unspecified economies is included in regional totals and, when possible, income group totals. Aid not allocated by country or region - including administrative costs, research on development, and aid to nongovernmental organizations - is included in the world total. Thus regional and income group totals do not sum to the world total.

Longdefinition: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors are the net disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) or official aid from the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. DAC members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovienia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and European Union Institutions. Regional aggregates include data for economies not specified elsewhere. World and income group totals include aid not allocated by country or region. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has 32 members - 31 individual economies and 1 multilateral institution (European Union institutions).

Data are based on donor country reports of bilateral programs, which may differ from reports by recipient countries. Recipients may lack access to information on such aid expenditures as development-oriented research, stipends and tuition costs for aid-financed students in donor countries, and payment of experts hired by donor countries. Moreover, a full accounting would include donor country contributions to multilateral institutions, the flow of resources from multilateral institutions to recipient countries, and flows from countries that are not members of DAC.

Some of the aid recipients are also aid donors. Development cooperation activities by non-DAC members have increased in recent years and in some cases surpass those of individual DAC members. Some non-DAC donors report their development cooperation activities to DAC on a voluntary basis, but many do not yet report their aid flows to DAC.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: Official development assistance

value: Aid Effectiveness


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Australia (current US$)

sourceNote: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors are the net disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) or official aid from the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. DAC members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovienia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and European Union Institutions. Regional aggregates include data for economies not specified elsewhere. World and income group totals include aid not allocated by country or region. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

sourceOrganization: Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/.


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Czech Republic (current US$)

name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Czechia (current US$)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Denmark (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Denmark (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Spain (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Spain (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Estonia (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Estonia (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Finland (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Finland (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, France (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, France (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United Kingdom (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United Kingdom (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Greece (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Greece (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Hungary (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Hungary (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Ireland (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Ireland (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Iceland (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Iceland (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Italy (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Italy (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Japan (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Japan (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Korea, Rep. (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Korea, Rep. (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Lithuania (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Lithuania (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Luxembourg (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Luxembourg (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Netherlands (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Netherlands (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Norway (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Norway (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, New Zealand (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, New Zealand (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Poland (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Poland (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Portugal (current US$)

name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Portugal (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovak Republic (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovak Republic (current US$)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovenia (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovenia (current US$)


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Sweden (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Sweden (current US$)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Total (current US$)

name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Total (current US$)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United States (current US$)


name: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United States (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, to the least developed countries (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council.

value: Millenium development goals


name: Net ODA provided, to the least developed countries (current US$)

sourceNote: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council.


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided to the least developed countries (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council. Series is shown as a share of donors' GNI.


name: Net ODA provided to the least developed countries (% of GNI)

sourceNote: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. The list of least developed countries (LDCs) has been agreed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Committee for Development Policy, Economic and Social Council. Series is shown as a share of donors' GNI.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


Net ODA provided, total (current US$)

IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms.


sourceNote: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms.


Net ODA provided, total (% of GNI)

IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. It is shown as a share of donors' GNI.


sourceNote: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. It is shown as a share of donors' GNI.


IndicatorName: Net ODA provided, total (constant 2021 US$)

Longdefinition: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. Data are in constant 2021 U.S. dollars.


name: Net ODA provided, total (constant 2021 US$)

sourceNote: Net Official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants or loans to developing countries and territories on the OECD/DAC list of aid recipients that are undertaken by the official sector with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective and at concessional financial terms. Data are in constant 2021 U.S. dollars.


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


Developmentrelevance:
External indebtedness affects a country's creditworthiness and investor perceptions. Nonreporting countries might have outstanding debt with the World Bank, other international financial institutions, or private creditors. Total debt service is contrasted with countries' ability to obtain foreign exchange through exports of goods, services, primary income, and workers' remittances.

Debt ratios are used to assess the sustainability of a country's debt service obligations, but no absolute rules determine what values are too high. Empirical analysis of developing countries' experience and debt service performance shows that debt service difficulties become increasingly likely when the present value of debt reaches 200 percent of exports. Still, what constitutes a sustainable debt burden varies by country. Countries with fast-growing economies and exports are likely to be able to sustain higher debt levels.

IndicatorName: External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Debt outstanding

Shortdefinition: Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. It is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, short-term debt, and use of IMF credit. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Dataset: International Debt Statistics

value: Economy & Growth

value: External Debt


name: External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)

sourceNote: Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

sourceOrganization: World Bank, International Debt Statistics.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


External debt stocks (% of GNI)

Developmentrelevance:
External debt is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to creditors outside the country. The debtors can be the government, corporations or private households. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, other governments, or international financial institutions.

External indebtedness affects a country's creditworthiness and investor perceptions. Nonreporting countries might have outstanding debt with the World Bank, other international financial institutions, or private creditors. Total debt service is contrasted with countries' ability to obtain foreign exchange through exports of goods, services, primary income, and workers' remittances.

Debt ratios are used to assess the sustainability of a country's debt service obligations, but no absolute rules determine what values are too high. Empirical analysis of developing countries' experience and debt service performance shows that debt service difficulties become increasingly likely when the present value of debt reaches 200 percent of exports. Still, what constitutes a sustainable debt burden varies by country. Countries with fast-growing economies and exports are likely to be able to sustain higher debt levels. Various indicators determine a sustainable level of external debt, including:

a) debt to GDP ratio
b) foreign debt to exports ratio
c) government debt to current fiscal revenue ratio
d) share of foreign debt
e) short-term debt
f) concessional debt in the total debt stock

IndicatorName: External debt stocks (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Debt ratios & other items


sourceNote: Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.


Shortdefinition: Total external debt stocks to gross national income.


Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$)

IndicatorName: Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Use of IMF Credit: Data related to the operations of the IMF are provided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They are converted from special drawing rights into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, Extended Fund Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facility (Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in 1999) are presented together with all of the IMF’s special facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, compensatory and contingency facilities, oil facilities, and other facilities). SDR allocations are also included in this category. According to the BPM6, SDR allocations are recorded as the incurrence of a debt liability of the member receiving them (because of a requirement to repay the allocation in certain circumstances, and also because interest accrues). This debt item is introduced for the first time this year with historical data starting in 1999.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Data related to the operations of the IMF come from the IMF Treasurer's Department and are converted from special drawing rights (SDRs) into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for stocks and average over the period exchange rates for converting flows. DOD refers to disbursed and outstanding debt; data are in current U.S. dollars.

Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.

Shortdefinition: Use of IMF credit denotes members’ drawings on the IMF other than amounts drawn against the country’s reserve tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes purchases and drawings under Stand-By, Extended, Structural Adjustment, Enhanced Structural Adjustment, and Systemic Transformation Facility Arrangements as well as Trust Fund loans. SDR allocations are also included in this category.


sourceNote: Use of IMF Credit: Data related to the operations of the IMF are provided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They are converted from special drawing rights into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, Extended Fund Facility, Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facility (Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in 1999) are presented together with all of the IMF’s special facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, compensatory and contingency facilities, oil facilities, and other facilities). SDR allocations are also included in this category. According to the BPM6, SDR allocations are recorded as the incurrence of a debt liability of the member receiving them (because of a requirement to repay the allocation in certain circumstances, and also because interest accrues). This debt item is introduced for the first time this year with historical data starting in 1999.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Long-term debt is debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year. It has three components: public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Long-term debt is debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year. It has three components: public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$)


sourceNote: Long-term debt is debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year. It has three components: public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt comprises long-term external obligations of private debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


Shortdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt comprises long-term external obligations of private debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$)


sourceNote: Private nonguaranteed external debt comprises long-term external obligations of private debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt comprises long-term external obligations of public debtors, including the national government,  Public Corporations, State Owned Enterprises, Development Banks and Other Mixed Enterprises, political subdivisions (or an agency of either), autonomous public bodies, and external obligations of private debtors that are guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt comprises long-term external obligations of public debtors, including the national government,  Public Corporations, State Owned Enterprises, Development Banks and Other Mixed Enterprises, political subdivisions (or an agency of either), autonomous public bodies, and external obligations of private debtors that are guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$)


sourceNote: Public and publicly guaranteed debt comprises long-term external obligations of public debtors, including the national government,  Public Corporations, State Owned Enterprises, Development Banks and Other Mixed Enterprises, political subdivisions (or an agency of either), autonomous public bodies, and external obligations of private debtors that are guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: External debt stocks, short-term (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: External debt stocks, short-term (DOD, current US$)


sourceNote: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


Short-term debt (% of total reserves)

IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of total reserves)

Limitationsandexceptions:
The DRS encourages debtor countries to voluntarily provide information on their short-term external obligations. By its nature, short-term external debt is difficult to monitor: loan-by-loan registration is normally impractical, and monitoring systems typically rely on information requested periodically by the central bank from the banking sector. The World Bank regards the debtor country as the authoritative source of information on its short-term debt. Where such information is not available from the debtor country, data are derived from BIS data on international bank lending based on time remaining to original maturity. The data are reported based on residual maturity, but an estimate of short-term external liabilities by original maturity can be derived by deducting from claims due in one year those that have a maturity of between one and two years. However, BIS data include liabilities reported only by banks within the BIS reporting area. The results should thus be interpreted with caution. Because short-term debt poses an immediate burden and is particularly important for monitoring vulnerability, it is compared with total debt and foreign exchange reserves, which are instrumental in providing coverage for such obligations.

A country's external debt burden, both debt outstanding and debt service, affects its creditworthiness and vulnerability. While data related to public and publicly guaranteed debt are reported to the DRS on a loan-by-loan basis, aggregate data on long-term private nonguaranteed debt are reported annually and are reported by the country or estimated by World Bank staff for countries where this type of external debt is known to be significant. Estimates are based on national data from the World Bank's Quarterly External Debt Statistics.

Longdefinition: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total reserves includes gold.


sourceNote: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total reserves includes gold.


IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)

Longdefinition: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt.


name: Short-term debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)

sourceNote: Short-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original maturity of one year or less. Available data permit no distinction between public and private nonguaranteed short-term debt.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Short-term debt (% of total external debt)

Longdefinition: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.


Shortdefinition: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.

name: Short-term debt (% of total external debt)


sourceNote: Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$)

IndicatorName: PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


sourceNote: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is nonconcessional. Nonconcessional debt excludes loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


PPG, IDA (DOD, current US$)

IndicatorName: PPG, IDA (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


sourceNote: Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstanding from the International Development Association (IDA) is concessional. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


IndicatorName: IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)

Longdefinition: IBRD loans and IDA credits are public and publicly guaranteed debt extended by the World Bank Group. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends at market rates. Credits from the International Development Association (IDA) are at concessional rates. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)

sourceNote: IBRD loans and IDA credits are public and publicly guaranteed debt extended by the World Bank Group. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends at market rates. Credits from the International Development Association (IDA) are at concessional rates. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (current US$)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Present value of external debt (current US$)

sourceNote: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (% of exports of goods, services and income)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The exports denominator is a three-year average.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. The exports denominator is a three-year average.

name: Present value of external debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)


sourceNote: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The exports denominator is a three-year average.


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Present value of external debt (% of GNI)

Longdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The GNI denominator is a three-year average.

Shortdefinition: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. The GNI denominator is a three-year average.


name: Present value of external debt (% of GNI)

sourceNote: Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. This calculation assumes that the PV of loans with a negative grant element is equal to the nominal value of the loan. The GNI denominator is a three-year average.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, bilateral (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Data show concessional and nonconcessional financial flows from official bilateral sources. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) defines concessional flows from bilateral donors as flows with a grant element of at least 25 percent; they are evaluated assuming a 10 percent nominal discount rate.

Topic: Economic Policy & Debt: External debt: Net flows


Shortdefinition: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, bilateral (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology:
Bonds are debt instruments issued by public and publicly guaranteed or private debtors with durations of one year or longer. Bonds usually give the holder the unconditional right to fixed money income or contractually determined, variable money income.

Data on external debt are gathered through the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Long term debt data are compiled using the countries report on public and publicly guaranteed borrowing on a loan-by-loan basis and private non guaranteed borrowing on an aggregate basis. These data are supplemented by information from major multilateral banks and official lending agencies in major creditor countries. Short-term debt data are gathered from the Quarterly External Debt Statistics (QEDS) database, jointly developed by the World Bank and the IMF and from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements. Debt data are reported in the currency of repayment and compiled and published in U.S. dollars. End-of-period exchange rates are used for the compilation of stock figures (amount of debt outstanding), and projected debt service and annual average exchange rates are used for the flows. Exchange rates are taken from the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Debt repayable in multiple currencies, goods, or services and debt with a provision for maintenance of the value of the currency of repayment are shown at book value.


name: Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)

sourceNote: Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net official flows from UN agencies, CERF (current US$)

Longdefinition: Net official flows from UN agencies are the net disbursements of total official flows from the UN agencies. Total official flows are the sum of Official Development Assistance (ODA) or official aid and Other Official Flows (OOF) and represent the total disbursements by the official sector at large to the recipient country. Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. OOF are transactions by the official sector whose main objective is other than development-motivated, or, if development-motivated, whose grant element is below the 25 per cent threshold which would make them eligible to be recorded as ODA. The main classes of transactions included here are official export credits, official sector equity and portfolio investment, and debt reorganization undertaken by the official sector at nonconcessional terms (irrespective of the nature or the identity of the original creditor). UN agencies are United Nations includes the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), World Food Programme (WFP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Regular Programme for Technical Assistance (UNTA), United Nations Peacebuilding Fund (UNPBF), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), WHO-Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP), United Nations Women (UNWOMEN), Covid-19 Response and Recovery Multi-Partner Trust Fund (UNCOVID), Joint Sustainable Development Goals Fund (SDGFUND), Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), WTO-International Trade Centre (WTO-ITC), United National Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Shortdefinition: Net official flows from UN agencies are the net disbursements of total official flows from the UN agencies. Total official flows are the sum of Official Development Assistance (ODA) or official aid and Other Official Flows (OOF) and represent the total disbursements by the official sector at large to the recipient country. Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Net official flows from UN agencies, CERF (current US$)

sourceNote: Net official flows from UN agencies are the net disbursements of total official flows from the UN agencies. Total official flows are the sum of Official Development Assistance (ODA) or official aid and Other Official Flows (OOF) and represent the total disbursements by the official sector at large to the recipient country. Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. OOF are transactions by the official sector whose main objective is other than development-motivated, or, if development-motivated, whose grant element is below the 25 per cent threshold which would make them eligible to be recorded as ODA. The main classes of transactions included here are official export credits, official sector equity and portfolio investment, and debt reorganization undertaken by the official sector at nonconcessional terms (irrespective of the nature or the identity of the original creditor). UN agencies are United Nations includes the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), World Food Programme (WFP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Regular Programme for Technical Assistance (UNTA), United Nations Peacebuilding Fund (UNPBF), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), WHO-Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP), United Nations Women (UNWOMEN), Covid-19 Response and Recovery Multi-Partner Trust Fund (UNCOVID), Joint Sustainable Development Goals Fund (SDGFUND), Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), WTO-International Trade Centre (WTO-ITC), United National Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net flows on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net flows on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Private nonguaranteed external debt is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net official flows from UN agencies, FAO (current US$)


name: Net official flows from UN agencies, FAO (current US$)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net official flows from UN agencies, IAEA (current US$)


name: Net official flows from UN agencies, IAEA (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net official flows from UN agencies, IFAD (current US$)


name: Net official flows from UN agencies, IFAD (current US$)


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net official flows from UN agencies, ILO (current US$)


name: Net official flows from UN agencies, ILO (current US$)


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, IMF concessional (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides concessional lending through the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and the IMF Trust Fund. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) makes concessional funds available through its Extended Credit Facility (which replaced the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility in 2010), the Standby Credit Facility, and the Rapid Credit Facility. Eligibility is based principally on a country's per capita income and eligibility under IDA.


Shortdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides concessional lending through the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and the IMF Trust Fund. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, IMF concessional (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides concessional lending through the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and the IMF Trust Fund. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, IMF nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides nonconcessional lending through the credit it provides to its members, mainly to meet balance of payments needs. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Nonconcessional lending from the IMF is provided mainly through Stand-by Arrangements, the Flexible Credit Line, and the Extended Fund Facility.


Shortdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides nonconcessional lending through the credit it provides to its members, mainly to meet balance of payments needs. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, IMF nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IMF is the International Monetary Fund, which provides nonconcessional lending through the credit it provides to its members, mainly to meet balance of payments needs. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IBRD is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the founding and largest member of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: The World Bank's International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends to creditworthy countries at a variable base rate of six-month LIBOR plus a spread, either variable or fixed, for the life of the loan. The rate is reset every six months and applies to the interest period beginning on that date.


Shortdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IBRD is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the founding and largest member of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IBRD is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the founding and largest member of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IDA is the International Development Association, the concessional loan window of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: World Bank concessional lending is done by the International Development Association (IDA) based on gross national income (GNI) per capita and performance standards assessed by World Bank staff.


Shortdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IDA is the International Development Association, the concessional loan window of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. IDA is the International Development Association, the concessional loan window of the World Bank Group. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Statisticalconceptandmethodology: Data show concessional and nonconcessional financial flows from international financial institutions. International financial institutions fund nonconcessional lending operations primarily by selling low-interest, highly rated bonds backed by prudent lending and financial policies and the strong financial support of their members. Funds are then on-lent to developing countries at slightly higher interest rates with 15- to 20-year maturities. Lending terms vary with market conditions and institutional policies. Concessional flows from international financial institutions are credits provided through concessional lending facilities. Subsidies from donors or other resources reduce the cost of these loans. Grants are not included in net flows.


Shortdefinition: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)


sourceNote: Public and publicly guaranteed multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)


name: Least developed countries: UN classification


name: Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries)


name: Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)


IndicatorName: Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. Others is a residual category in the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System. It includes such institutions as the Caribbean Development Fund, Council of Europe, European Development Fund, Islamic Development Bank, Nordic Development Fund, and the like. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. Others is a residual category in the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System. It includes such institutions as the Caribbean Development Fund, Council of Europe, European Development Fund, Islamic Development Bank, Nordic Development Fund, and the like. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

name: Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$)

name: East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries)


sourceNote: Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. Others is a residual category in the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System. It includes such institutions as the Caribbean Development Fund, Council of Europe, European Development Fund, Islamic Development Bank, Nordic Development Fund, and the like. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Fragile and conflict affected situations


name: Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)


name: East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)


IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$)

IndicatorName: IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, current US$)

Longdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt privately placed from the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Shortdefinition: Nonguaranteed long-term debt privately placed from the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


sourceNote: Nonguaranteed long-term debt privately placed from the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.