Logistics performance index: Overall score (1=low to 5=high), lower bound
The Logistics Performance Index overall score reflects perceptions of a country's logistics performance based on the efficiency of the customs clearance process, quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure, ease of arranging competitively priced international shipments, quality of logistics services, ability to track and trace consignments, and frequency with which shipments reach the consignee within the scheduled time. The index ranges from 1 to 5, with a higher score representing better performance. To account for the sampling error created by the LPI’s survey-based dataset, LPI scores are presented with approximate 80 percent confidence intervals (see appendix 5 of the LPI report available at lpi.worldbank.org). These intervals yield upper and lower bounds for a country’s LPI score and rank. Upper bounds for LPI scores are calculated by increasing a country’s LPI score to its upper bound while maintaining all other country scores constant and then recalculating LPI ranks. An analogous procedure is adopted for lower bounds.