Sustainable Economic Opportunity
Public Management:  Within this subcategory the Ibrahim Index measures: (i) Quality of Public Administration – clustered indicator (average) of variables from the African Development Bank and the World Bank measuring the extent to which the civil service is structured to effectively and ethically design policy and deliver services. (ii) Quality of Budget Management – clustered indicator (average) of variables from the African Development Bank and the World Bank measuring the extent to which there is a comprehensive and credible budget, linked to policy priorities, with mechanisms to ensure implementation and reporting. (iii) Currency Inside Banks – total stock of currency held within banks as a proportion of the money supply in an economy (OD). (iv) Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure – total budget revenue as a proportion of total budget expenditure (OD). (v) Ratio of Budget Deficit or Surplus to GDP – budget deficit or budget surplus as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product. (vi) Management of  Public Debt – clustered indicator (average) of variables from the African Development Bank and the World Bank measuring short- and medium term sustainability of fiscal policy and its impact on growth. (vii) Inflation – annual average change in the consumer price index. (viii) Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports – total external debt service due, expressed as a proportion of exports of goods, non-factor services, income and workers’ remittances. (ix) Imports Covered by Reserves – period of time that imports could be paid for by foreign exchange reserves. (x) Statistical Capacity – national statistical systems and their adherence to international norms in the areas of: Methodology (of compiling statistics and indicators); Regularity and coverage of censuses and surveys; Regularity, timeliness and accessibility of key socioeconomic indicators.

Private Sector: Within this sub-category the Ibrahim Index measures: (i) Competitive Environment – clustered indicator (an average) of the following variables: Competitive Environment – clustered indicator (average) of variables from the African Development Bank and the World Bank measuring the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environment helps or hinders private enterprise; Competition – extent to which the fundamentals of market based competition have developed and safeguards exist to prevent monopolies and cartels; Unfair Competitive Practices – quality of the competitive framework in place including the likelihood that domestic or foreign corporations are subject to discriminatory prices, taxes and tariffs. (ii) Investment Climate for Rural Businesses – extent to which the government has adopted a framework that supports the emergence and development of an efficient private rural business sector. (iii) Investment Climate – extent to which a state’s policies are conducive to free flows of investment capital. (iv) Bureaucracy and Red Tape – extent of bureaucratic delay and complexity in obtaining the appropriate documentation or authorisation to engage in business activities.

Infrastructure: Within this subcategory the Ibrahim Index measures: (i) Quality of Physical Infrastructure – risk that deficiencies in physical infrastructure may cause a loss of income to a country. (ii) Reliability of Electricity Supply – risk that power shortages could disrupt business activities. (iii) Mobile Phone Subscribers – users of portable telephones. (iv) Computer Usage – personal computers installed. (v) Internet Subscribers – subscriptions to the internet, for example businesses or households.

Environment and the Rural Sector: Within this sub-category the Ibrahim Index measures: (i) Environmental Sustainability – clustered indicator (average) of variables from the African Development Bank and the World Bank measuring the extent to which environmental policies foster protection and sustainable use of natural resources, and management of pollution. (ii) Role of Environment and P
Measures 4 indicators (a) Public Management (b) Private Sector ( c) Infrastructure and (d) Environment and the Rural Sector.